淺談賓語從句之教法

賓語從句在英語教學中占有重要的位置，因此我采用句子結構操練法來教學，效果比較好。這種方法能方便學生易于明確賓語從句的概念，易于掌握成句的方法，提高學生運用和掌握賓語從句的能力。現將這幾種方法歸納如下:

一、以舊帶新，明確概念

I like________.把此句寫在黑板上，讓學生劃分句子成分，并說出橫線部分在句中做什么成分。然后根據學生所學過的知識，引導學生說出哪些詞類可填入句中的橫線上充當賓語，讓學生舉出例子，并歸納、操練全句。

1.名詞：Englishmy motherstory

-books …

2.代詞：themitthis oneher…

3.動名詞或其短語：dancingplaying basketball…

4.不定式或其短語：to clean the roomto watch TV…

在此基礎上，引導學生把完整的句子填到橫線上，得到的這個句子就是賓語從句。

二、操練句型，掌握用法

能填在橫線上的賓語從句有：陳述句、一般疑問句和特殊疑問句。

1.陳述句

陳述句填到橫線上做賓語要用that引導，詞序是“that+陳述句”。操練填句：

I think__________.

T: He works hard.

S: I think that he works hard.

T: He is happy.

S: I think that he is happy.

T: The boy isn’t fifteen.

S: I don’t think that the boy is fifteen.

（說明:think做謂語時，賓語從句的否定句通常前移到主句上。）

2.一般疑問句

一般疑問句填在橫線上做賓語時，要用引導詞whether，口語中常用if；且一般疑問句的語序要用陳述句語序。其語序是：“whether(if) +由一般疑問句變成的陳述句。”操練填句:

Could you tell me_________?

T: Is she a student?

S1: Whether she is a student.

S2: Could you tell me whether she is a student.

T: Does it snow in winter in Australia?

S1: If it snows in winter in Australia.

S2: Could you tell me if it snows in winter in Australia?

T: Have they finished the work?

S1: If they have finished the work.

S2: Could you tell me if they have finished the work?

3.特殊疑問句

特殊疑問句填在橫線上做賓語時，不需要引導詞，因為疑問詞本身就是引導詞。但有兩種情況需要注意:

（1）疑問詞在句中做主語或主語的定語，這種特殊疑問句的語序與陳述句相同，可直接填在橫線上做賓語(there be句型除外)。操練填句:

I don’t know________.

T: Who is your sister?

S: I don’t know who is your sister.

T: Which story is more interesting?

S: I don’t know which story is more interesting.

T: How many of them are going to the USA?

S:I don’t know how many of them are going to the USA.

（2）疑問詞在句中做其他成分或其他成分的定語、狀語時，該特殊疑問句的語序可看成是“疑問詞+(所修飾的詞)+ 一般疑問句”的語序。因此，其做賓語時的語序是：“疑問詞+(所修飾的詞)+ 由其他部分變成的陳述句”。操練填句：

Do you know_________?

T: Which film do they like?

S1: Which film they like?

S2: Do you know which film they like?

T: What is he doing?

S1: What he is doing?

S2: Do you know what is he doing?

T: How old is he sister?

S1: How old her sister is?

S2: Do you know how old her sister is?

T: How many people are there in his family?

S1: How many people there are in his family?

S2: Do you know how many people there are in his family?

三、變換時態，注意呼應

一般來說，如果主句是一般現在時，其從句便不受主句的時態限制，根據情況用相應的時態。但如果主句的時態是一般過去時，那它的時態要用相應的過去時態，表示客觀真理的句子除外。操練填句：

I wondered _________.

T: None of them are happy.

S1: None of them were happy.

S2: I wondered that none of them were happy.

T: Have they cleaned the classroom?

S1: If they had cleaned the classroom？

S2: I wondered if they had cleaned the classroom.

T: How did he enjoy the work?

S1: How he had enjoyed the work?

S2: I wondered how he hard enjoyed the work.

T: Why does the earth go round the sun?

S1: Why the earth goes round the sun?

S2: I wondered why the earth goes round the sun.

T: Where will she go?

S1: Where she would go?

S2: I wondered where she would go.

四、抓住要點，便于記憶

為了使學生便于記憶，加深理解，我歸納如下要點：

1.賓語從句的語序是引導詞 + 陳述句語序。

2.引導詞的種類及其異同：引導由陳述句構成的賓語從句，無詞義在句中不做句子成分，可省略；whether或if引導由一般疑問句構成的賓語從句，詞義為“是否”，在從句中不做句子成分，不可省略；疑問詞做引導詞，引導由特殊疑問句構成的賓語從句，有各自的詞義，在句中充當句子成分，不可省略。

3.當主句的時態為過去時態時，賓語從句的時態受主句時態的限制。

這些通過例句進行歸納的要點，便于學生理解和記憶，運用起來也就容易得多，效果比較好。

（作者單位：克東縣昌盛第2中學）