英語中的虛實(shí)看“條件”

⒈But for the Party， the disaster areas in Zhejiang Province， struck by the No. 14Typhoon， ________into normal so soon.

A.shouldn’t have returned

B.should return

C.wouldn’t have returned

D.would return

答案與解析：C。有時(shí)虛擬條件句并不出現(xiàn)，而是通過其他形式表現(xiàn)出來，如but for/without等構(gòu)成的介詞短語作為暗示條件句，相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句。

⒉You didn’t let me help. If we_____________together， you _____so tired.

A. worked; didn’t get

B. worked; wouldn’t get

C. were working; wouldn’t get

D. had worked; wouldn’t have got

答案與解析：D。本題考查條件句中虛擬語氣的用法。題干didn’t let表明該題說的是過去的事情，與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，虛擬語氣的從句用“had+過去分詞”，主句用“would have+過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。

⒊If you _____tomorrow， you _____find the new manager working in the office.

A.should come; would

B.would come; would

C.will come; should

D.comes; might

答案與解析：A。與將來事實(shí)相反時(shí)，條件句中的謂語形式有3種：動詞的過去式，should+動詞原形，were ti +動詞原形。

⒋She_______________much taller， but the cruel stepmother never let her eat enough.

A. can growB. can have grown

C. could grow D. could have grown

答案與解析：D。從后半句可知，此題省略了條件句“if the stepmother had let her eat enough”，所以用表示過去的虛擬語氣。

⒌If he________________his legs in the last training， he______________the coming World Cup， which he has been longing to compete in.

A.hadn’t hurt; would join in

B.hadn’t hurt; would have taken part in

C.didn’t hurt; would go in for

D.didn’t hurt; would have taken part in

答案與解析：A。從句說的是過去，主句說的是將來，所以要用混合時(shí)間條件句。從句按照過去的假設(shè)用“had+過去分詞”，主句按照將來的假設(shè)用“would+動詞原形”。

⒍I was away the other day. Otherwise I__________with him about it.

A. had arguedB. would have argued

C. would argue D. argue

答案與解析：B。本題前一句是真實(shí)情況，后面是假設(shè)，其中otherwise含有if I had not been away the other day之意，隱含虛擬語氣條件句，表示與過去事實(shí)相反，所以選擇B項(xiàng)。在連詞otherwise， or， but， but that， though. Once等引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，主句經(jīng)常使用虛擬語氣。

⒎_____him not to do so， he wouldn’t have made such a serious mistake.

A. Did I persuade B. If I persuaded

C. If I should persuade D. Had I persuaded

答案與解析：D。本題考查虛擬條件從句中省略連詞if的情況。根據(jù)主句wouldn’t have made可知從句該用“had+過去分詞”。在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，當(dāng)從句謂語動詞含有助動詞had/should/were時(shí)，可將if省略，而將had/should/were置于句首，采用倒裝語序，句意不變。本題答案had I persuaded=If I had persuaded。

⒏Yesterday， April walked away from the argument with anger. Or else she _______something she would regret later.

A. had saidB. said

C. might say D. might have said

答案與解析：D。此題考查含蓄條件句中情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣句型中的用法。從題中walked away可知是過去發(fā)生的事情，根據(jù)虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)可以推知如果不走開的話，可能會說些以后要后悔的話。Had said意為“已經(jīng)說了”，所以不能選。

⒐well， I’m sorry to hear that. But such misunder— standing ____________________ .

A.will have been avoided

B.can be avoided

C.have had avoided

D.could have been avoided

答案與解析：D。此題屬于無詞語暗示條件句。根據(jù)前一句Well， I’m sorry to hear that.可以推斷誤會已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生，根據(jù)but可以判斷句中隱含了一個(gè)類似于If we had explained clearly beforehand條件句，所以選擇D項(xiàng)。

10._______________more attention， the teenagers wouldn’t have begun to steal.

A. To giveB. Given

C. Having given D. Give

答案與解析：B。此題通過分詞短語表達(dá)條件，to do表示目的，having given是完成時(shí)的主動狀態(tài)下分詞形式，give動詞原形引導(dǎo)句子通常是祈使句，都不符題意。此處given表示被動且虛擬，相當(dāng)于If they had given more attention…，假如給予更多的關(guān)心，這些孩子不會去偷竊的。

11. If the boy________________to leave school，_________ he __________a college student now.

A. wasn’t forced; will be

B. hadn’t been forced; would have been

C. hadn’t been forced; would be

D. hasn’t been forced; would be

答案與解析：C。虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中所假設(shè)的是不可能有的條件，或者是與事實(shí)相反的條件，但有時(shí)主句和從句的謂語動詞并不是相互呼應(yīng)，這種條件句叫做混合條件句，又稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。本題就是一例。從后一句可以肯定男孩現(xiàn)在不是大學(xué)生，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)主句謂語動詞需用過去將來時(shí)，條件句是過去事情，則用過去完成時(shí)。當(dāng)if條件句沒有被明確表達(dá)出來時(shí)，稱之為含蓄條件句。