反身代詞是一種表示反射或強調的代詞。它的基本含義是:通過反身代詞指代主語,使施動者把動作在形式上反射給施動者自己。因此,反身代詞與它所指代的名詞或代詞形成互指關系,在人稱、性、數上保持一致。
例:1. A marked bee fed itself from the dish and returned to the hive.
一只做了標記的蜜蜂從盤中喂飽自己以后就飛回蜂箱了。(itself 與 bee 在人稱、性、數上保持一致。)
2.In 195,5 Walt Disney himself opened the first Disney Park.
1955年,沃爾特·迪斯尼親自創辦了第一個迪斯尼公園。(himself 與 Walt Disney 在人稱、性、數上保持一致。)
反身代詞和人稱代詞做賓語時具有不同的含義。
例:1. He saw himself in the mirror.
他在鏡子里看見了自己。(himself和he為同一人。)
2. He saw him in the mirror.
他在鏡子里看見了他。(him顯然指另外一人。)
一、基本用法:
1.做賓語
a.有些動詞需要有反身代詞
absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.
我們昨晚玩得很開心。
b.用于及物動詞+賓語+介詞
take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth., dress oneself up
I could not dress (myself) up at that time.
那個時候我不能打扮我自己。
注:有些動詞后不跟反身代詞,如:get up, sit down, stand up, wake up等。
例:Please sit down. 請坐。
2.做表語,同位語
be oneself:
I am not myself today.
我今天不舒服。
The thing itself is not important.
事情本身并不重要。
3.在不強調的情況下,but, except, for 等介詞后的賓語用反身代詞或人稱代詞賓格均可。
如:No one but myself (me) is hurt.
除了我沒有人受傷。
二、常見錯誤分析
1.[誤] Myself drove the car.
[正] I myself drove the car.
[析]反身代詞本身不能單獨做主語,例如:
我自己開車。
但在and, or, nor連接的并列主語中,第二個主語可用反身代詞,特別是myself 做主語。例如:
Charles and myself saw it.
查爾斯和我看見了這件事。
2.[誤] Mother said to her sons, “Help yourself.”
[正] Mother said to her sons, “Help yourselves.”
[析] 反身代詞的數必須和人稱保持一致。
3.[誤] They can take care of theirselves.
[正] They can take care of themselves.
[析] 第一、二人稱的反身代詞用“形容詞性物主代詞+self或selves”,第三人稱的反身代詞用“人稱代詞賓格+self或selves”。
4.[誤] This is himself’s house.
[正] This is his own house.
[析] 反身代詞不能獨立做定語,表示“某人自己的”用“形容詞性物主代詞+own”。
反身代詞必須和它們的照應對象保持人稱、性、數的一致;根據題意“那些醫生和護士們正在盡力抗擊‘非典’”,可知反身代詞照應的對象為they,應用themselves,答案是C。