“任務型”教學在英語課堂活動中的實施例談

任務型教學，就是在教學活動過程中設定一個任務，讓學生在完成任務的過程中，獲得語言習得的教學模式。任務型教學重視的是學生在執(zhí)行任務過程中的能力和策略的培養(yǎng)，重視學生在完成任務過程中的參與和交流活動，其所謀求的目標不再是機械的語言訓練，而是實際的語言運用能力的培養(yǎng)。

在任務型的教學模式中，教師應設法運用多種設計手段，讓學生迅速進入角色，大膽參與交際活動，在完成任務中加深對教學內容的理解、感悟語言知識的規(guī)律、發(fā)展良好的心理素質。為進一步探討“任務型”英語教學活動的實施策略和實施原則，筆者就以SEFC Book 2 No Smoking，Please! 一課為案例進行闡述，以拋磚引玉，與同行共同探索“任務型”英語課堂活動特點和規(guī)律。

一、任務型活動設計的方法

（一）導課活動的設計

1.值日報告，鋪墊過渡，導入新課。

2.語言交際活動任務設計：談論與新課背景“請不要抽煙”相關的話題，由師生各自命題。

Smoking is bad for your health and your family.

Smoking results in illnesses.

Smoking is a waste of money.

3.實施過程：教師導言示范，學生個人報告，集體參與評論。

T：(Slide show) Nowadays，more and more people begin to smoke，especially some young people. However，every year many people die because of smoking. What can you do to protect yourself when your friends smoke in front of you? How can we persuade the smokers to stop smoking? Here are some good suggestions.

1.When your parents say you can’t smoke when you are young，they are right.

2.When heavy smokers need to have a smoke you had better tell them to smoke outside.

3.“No smoking，please!” should be seen clearly in public or working places.

4.Something like chewing-gum and fruit can take the place of cigarettes .Now，here，today’sspeaker. What are you going to talk to us? Smoking is bad.

S1：Hello，everyone. I think smoking is a waste of money. My father is a heavy smoker. He has smoked for twenty years，a packet a day. How much money did he waste? Last week he coughed badly and went to see the doctor. The doctor examined my father carefully and told him firmly to stop smoking. My father’s lung has been damaged badly because of smoking. If my father were not to stop smoking，he would die of lung cancer. Now my father has to take medicines instead of cigarettes.

S2：Nowadays there are two groups of people，one is smoking，the other one is non-smoking. Which group do you want to belong to? When your guests come to your home，what would you offer them，cigarettes or candies and fruit? When you ask me to provide you with a cigarette，can you guess whether I agree with you or not?

（二）新課文信息活動的設計

產生課文信息的任務型活動設計也應是教師創(chuàng)造性地運用交際性原則的結果，活動的方式方法應取決于課文的特色。在No Smoking，Please!一文中有對抽煙的危害有具體數(shù)字的描寫：——Every year，millions of smokers die because of illnesses which are caused by smoking tobacco.——In 1989 the Chinese government received about 24 billion yuan from sales of tobacco，but in the same year，cigarette smoking cost it even more money，about 28 billion yuan.——Each day，about 220 million packets of cigarettes are smoked by Chinese. This is a piece of bad news for the health of the nation.——In Britain，110，000 people die from smoking each year(that is to say，one smoker in four dies from smoking).

至于課文的具體描寫及處理過程，可通過聽錄音記數(shù)字——看圖描述——段落概括——關連詞復述——朗讀等來產生課文信息。

1.活動目標：產生課文信息。

2.活動設計：聽錄音，記數(shù)字，看圖描述，關鍵詞復述。

3.活動過程：

（1）學生進行快速信息閱讀（reading for information），初步了解抽煙的危害。

（2）教師放錄音，全班學生根據(jù)所聽信息記錄數(shù)字，數(shù)字信息根據(jù)課文描述的先后記錄，分清數(shù)字描寫的是人、是錢還是香煙。請一位同學上黑板記錄所有的數(shù)字。

（3）聽音完畢，讓同學根據(jù)數(shù)字信息分成三類（人、錢、煙），通過討論完善自己所得的信息，感受用英語交流的歡樂與成功。

（4）教師出示事先在Slide show上準備好的關鍵詞、句，要求學生按自己的理解重新排列句、段落，復述整篇課文，輕松地完成教學活動。

4.課外延伸：

小組作業(yè)：（1）無煙日是哪一天？今年是第幾個無煙日？

（2）你的小區(qū)內有多少18歲以上的公民在抽煙？有多少人曾經有過煙齡？

（3）哪種戒煙方法最科學？最有效？說明理由。

二、任務型教學課例思考

由于任務型課堂活動的可操作性強，如看幻燈、聽音、作畫、討論、記數(shù)、角色扮演等，學生在各類活動中求知欲、表現(xiàn)欲得到了充分的體現(xiàn)，改變了原先老師講、學生聽，老師問、學生答的被動局面，學生主動參與課堂教學活動，成為課堂教學的真正主人，而老師則是“指導者”、“幫助者”和“參與者”，在語言交際活動中學生的主體性和指導性得到了和諧的統(tǒng)一。

筆者在初步嘗試了“任務型”教學法方式以后，深刻地體會到，這種教學方式不是脫離學生實際的教學，而是要注重學生主體性的要求，切入學生的生活狀態(tài)之中，從課堂向課外延伸，從英語學科向其它學科縱橫聯(lián)系，借助研究性學習、探究性學習等方式為學生營造一個主動發(fā)展的活潑空間。