高考英語完形填空五大突破法

高考英語完形填空主要從詞義辨析、固定搭配、語法分析、行文邏輯四個角度命題，測試考生的閱讀感知理解能力和空缺信息還原能力，是目前高考試卷中難度系數比較高的一個題型，考生得分率較低。下面我就與大家分享幾種比較有效的訓練方法。

直接訓練法

這種方法也叫常規訓練法，就是我們經常做完形的方法——拿到題后直接做題。這種方法要求大家一定要注意以下幾點：一是訓練時一定要在規定的時間內完成答題(完成高考英語完形題的理想時間是15分鐘左右)。二是從重視對單句的理解提高到重視對語篇的理解。三是注意分析自己做錯題的原因——是詞法問題還是語法問題，是基本功問題還是做題技巧問題。

無單詞障礙訓練法

許多中等程度以下的同學在做題時最大的障礙是詞匯問題。不認識的詞，詞的引申義或詞的固定搭配都讓大家感到棘手。事實上，在完形題的20個小題中，一般有12~17個小題都是考查詞義辨析和固定搭配的。所以，突破了詞匯，完形就有希望了。無單詞障礙訓練法，就是要求大家在做題之前查出文章當中所有不會的詞匯，在沒有詞匯障礙的情況下再做題。如果你在查完單詞沒有詞匯障礙的情況下能夠全部做對或做對18個小題以上，那說明你原來完形題不能得高分的根本原因就是詞匯沒過關。無單詞障礙訓練法能夠通過詞匯的查閱和學習幫助大家積累豐富的詞匯，能夠幫助大家在具體語境中靈活掌握詞匯的用法。同時，完形平時訓練得分升高也有助于增強自己對完形必勝的信心。

擱置訓練法

很多情況下，我們在做了很多題或者狀態不太好時，往往做完完形題后還不知其所云，或者根本沒有心情對句子成分及文章結構進行劃分與分析，這就容易導致連環出錯。在平時訓練中，大家可以在做完一篇完形后，先把它放在一邊，等過一段時間狀態較好時再拿出這篇完形題重做一遍。這時你會發現前幾天不理解的句子突然理解了，前幾天忘記了的單詞突然知道意思了，文章行文邏輯也清晰了。這種擱置訓練法用在考場上，就是要求大家在做完整篇完形的所有小題后回過頭來檢查。二次做題有助于對文章整體的把握和對詞句細節的理解。

改造訓練法

有的人認為，做一篇完形題，做完對對答案就完事了。其實這是沒有理解完形題的訓練功能的表現。通過做完形題可以有效地訓練詞法、語法和章法。因為，只有認真分析完形題原文中的詞、選項中的詞，以及命題者的命題思路，才可能對文章的詞法、語法、章法及其所承載的文化有真正的理解。改造訓練法就是要求大家對完形題進行改造，將其改成閱讀題、語法題、改錯題或者對原文設置的選項進行改造后來進行訓練。

比如，有這樣一段完形(此處節選首段)文章：The incident took place on Sunday， the 25th of June. 1that particular day， a south wind had been gusting (刮) on and off all morning. It was not strong enough to cause us any 2， so we carried on with our daily work， not suspecting what was about to3 .

1. A. InB. On C. ToD. After

2. A. imaginationB. service

C. wishD. concern

3. A. happenB. waste

C. determineD. become

我們將其改造成閱讀題：

The incident took place on Sunday， the 25th of June. On that particular day， a south wind had been gusting (刮) on and off all morning. It was not strong enough to cause us any concern， so we carried on our daily work not suspecting what was about to happen.

Q: When a south wind was gusting all morning， ___________.

A. the family paid no attention to it

B. the family were extremely worried

C. the family were preparing for the worst

D. the family faced the storm bravely

我們再將其改造成改錯題：

1. The incident took place on Sunday， the 25th of June. √

2. On that particularly day， a south wind had been√

3. gusting(刮) on and off all morning. It is not strongis→was

4. enough ∧ cause us any concern， so we carriedenough∧→to

5. on our daily work not suspecting that was about to happen.

that→what

我們還可將其改造成單選題：

1. The incident took place on _____ Sunday， the 25th of June. On that particular day， ____ south wind had been gusting on and off all morning.

A. the; aB. the; theC. the; /D. /; a

2. It was not strong enough to cause us any concern， _____ we carried on our daily work not suspecting what was about to happen.

A. neverthelessB. viaC. butD. so

改造訓練法是一種非常好的方法，通過以各類題型為載體的反復訓練，大家可以將文章中所有的考點消化吸收并有效拓展。大家最好和同學組成小組來使用這種訓練方法，即按照“你出題我來做，我出題你來做”的方式進行。當然，如果情況允許，還可以請老師幫忙來進行題型改造——這樣出題質量會更高，訓練效果會更好。

無選項訓練法

這種訓練方法就是要求大家在沒有選項的情況下對空缺處進行補充。這種方法有利于大家對完形全文的語句結構和行文邏輯進行剖析，有助于培養發散性思維。并且，做完后思考自己在填詞過程中所犯錯誤的過程也是一個提升自我改錯能力的過程。這種方法要求大家在做題中運用精讀和跳讀的閱讀技巧，首先把握全文大意，再對浮現在大腦中的備選詞條進行具體語境下的擇優選擇和初步填空，然后運用英語語法、英語短語或慣用法的搭配知識對語法類、固定搭配類空缺進行補充修正。做完練習后，核對答案。如果自己做出的答案與原文或命題專家所設置的選項有很大的出入，一定要請教老師，找出原因并加以理解。

以上是突破高考英語完形填空的幾種有效方法，希望能對大家有所幫助！

Legendary Athletes of the Ancient Olympic Games (I)

古代奧運會的傳奇運動員(上)

Boxer Melankomas

拳擊手梅蘭科馬斯

他是從不還擊的奧運拳擊手，然而他的對手卻紛紛在他面前倒下。

The boxer Melankomas became famous for his very unique style of boxing. He won many victories， but he never once hit an opponent or was hit by one. Melankomas believed that to hit someone else， or to be hit himself， was to show a lack of bravery. Spectators enjoyed watching as he defended himself against the blows (擊打) from his opponents without striking (打) them. He eventually left his opponents so exhausted (疲憊的)， and so frustrated (泄氣的) that they could not hit him， that they would give up and admit defeat. He could fight throughout the whole day， even in the summer， and he refused to strike his opponents even though he knew by doing so he would quickly end the match and win.

No doubt his success was due in large part to his harsh training. Melankomas exercised far more than the other athletes. Indeed， one story relates(講述) that the boxer went for two straight days with his arms up， not once putting them down or resting.

作者簡介：

汪韋，昆明新東方學校英語教師，主講高考完形、語法、閱讀等課程；曾培養出多名省市級高考英語單科狀元。