奧運場館，賽后是否精彩依舊？

各屆奧運會的場館不僅規模宏大，能滿足奧運比賽的超常需求，還往往是提升和展示主辦城市和國家形象的重要場所，因而各屆舉辦城市往往都不惜在奧運場館的興建上砸下巨資。但短短16天后，奧運結束，曲終人散，這些曾經見證了奧運激情與榮耀的地方又會有怎樣的命運？

2004 Athens Olympic Venues: Retired Ambassadors

More than 30 venues has been build or rebuild for the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. And these venues did gain Athens fame during the Games. Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki， president of the Athens 2004 Organizing Committee， described these venues as \"spectacular\" at the Closing Ceremony. And Kostas Karamanlis， Prime Minister of Greece， even praised these venues as \"Image Ambassadors of Greek.\"

However， these venues now lie empty and continue to cost more than $100 million to maintain every year. In 2008， it was reported that almost all of the Olympic venues have fallen into varying states of disrepair: 21 of the 22 facilities built for the Games have either been left abandoned2) or are in various states of ruin. Gypsy3) camps have sprung up in the shadow of stadiums where the world's finest athletes once battled for gold. Graffiti4) is scrawled5) over the outer walls of many sites， and it has been reported in Greece that upward of $1 billion has been spent simply to maintain these ugly wrecks， acting as a warning sign for future Games. The public has also often spoken out in disapproval of the negative economic effects the venues have had on the community.

No wonder someone joked， \"These Image Ambassadors of Greek are now retired at home， ill in bed， needing money to pay for the cure and families to care.\"

雅典為2004年奧運會新建和改建的場館有30多處。這些場館的確在該屆奧運會期間為雅典贏得了贊譽。2004年雅典奧委會主席詹娜·安切洛帕洛斯·扎斯卡拉基在閉幕式上使用了“壯觀”這個詞來形容這些場館。希臘總理科斯塔斯·卡拉曼利斯甚至稱這些場館是“希臘的形象大使”。

可如今，這些場館坐席空空，每年的維護費高達上億美元。2008年，據報道，幾乎所有這些奧運場館都已處于不同程度的損毀狀態之中：為奧運而建的22處場館中，有21處不是被廢棄就是存在不同程度的損毀。流浪漢的帳篷散布在這些世界頂級運動員曾爭金奪銀的場館的陰涼里。涂鴉覆滿了許多場館的外墻。希臘曾報道，僅是用于維護這些丑陋“廢墟”的費用就已接近10億美元。這為日后的奧運會敲響了警鐘。對于場館已給社區造成的負面經濟影響，公眾也常常表示出不滿。

難怪有人曾開玩笑說：“希臘的形象大使們現在退休在家，臥病在床，不僅需要花錢看病，還得家人照料。”

2008 Beijing Olympic Venues: People's Civil Servant

The flame of the Beijing Olympic Games was extinguished6) on August 24 in the National Stadium， but the venues will burn on as part of Beijing's heritage. Jacques Rogge， president of the International Olympic Committee， said \"the state-of-the-art venues\" will leave a rich legacy for Beijing.

That's true. Beijing Olympic Games has a total of 37 competition venues， of which 31 are in Beijing. Despite these venues' huge number and cost (about 13 billion RMB)， Beijing is confident that its sparkling venues will not meet the same fate of Athens， since most of these venues have been built with their post-Olympic functions and the ultimate7) goal of their construction is to bring tangible8) benefits to the citizens in Beijing.

After the Games， campus venues will not only serve for the universities， but also open to the public; off-campus venues will enter the hands of several companies. Take the National Stadium Bird Nest for instance. Bird Nest will become the host stadium of Beijing Guo'an Club， and also will be able to hold international games， cultural shows and exhibitions etc. The title of Bird Nest will be sold after the Beijing Olympic Games—Currently， six multinational companies have decided to take part in the competition. And the Water Cube is expected to be Beijing's largest and most comprehensive9) public water recreation10) center after the Olympic Games. As for the temporary venues， some will be dismantled11) and others will be renovated12) for new purposes.

2008年北京奧運場館: 為民服務的公仆

8月24日，北京奧運會的火炬在國家體育場熄滅，但奧運場館卻將作為北京奧運會的遺產繼續發光發熱。國際奧委會主席雅克·羅格認為“這些藝術般的場館”將會為北京留下一筆豐富的遺產。

此言不虛。北京奧運會共有比賽場館37處，其中有31處在北京。盡管這些場館數量眾多，耗資不菲(約130億人民幣)，但北京充滿信心，認為這些絢麗的場館將不會落得雅典奧運場館那樣的命運。因為，大多數場館都在建設之初就考慮了奧運會后的功用，而且修建這些場館的首要目標就是讓它們給北京市民帶來實惠。

奧運后，建于大學校園內的場館將不僅服務于大學，還將向社會開放。而建于校園外的場館將由幾大公司接管經營。以國家體育場鳥巢為例，鳥巢將會成為國安俱樂部的主場，同時還將會是國際賽事、文化表演、展覽等活動的舉辦場所。鳥巢的冠名權將在北京奧運會后拍賣——目前已有6個跨國公司決定參與競拍。水立方則在奧運會后有望成為北京規模最大、功能最全的公眾水上娛樂中心。臨時搭建的場館，有的會被拆除，有的則會被改作他用。

2012 London Olympic Venues: A Travelling Five Ring Circus?

London will host the 2012 Olympic Games. As the venues are still under construction， we'll just take a look at its National Olympic Stadium.

The design of the London National Stadium was unveiled this August. Its main features are: A sunken13) bowl built into the ground， designed to bring spectators close to the action; 25，000 permanent seats， 55，000 demountable14); a cable-supported roof overhead and a fabric curtain around， acting as protection and shelter for spectators; facilities such as catering15) and merchandising16) will be grouped into self-contained17)\"pod18)\" structures.

Among all these features， the demountable ability is the most special one， allowing the stadium can be sold after the Games. Chief architect Rod Sheard said that this ability was highly innovative and showed great forward thinking. The Guardian noted that it could be \"the first step in a new approach to the Games， which could become more like a travelling circus to keep costs down and allow poorer countries to play host.\"

Nevertheless， there are also different views on it. Tom Dyckhoff， The Times' architecture critic， commented that the architecture of the 2008 and 2012 Olympics will， in years to come， be seen by historians as a \"cunning19) indicator20) of the decline of the West and the rise of the East\". Amanda Baillieu (working for Building Design magazine) also challenged the designers， \"The temporary roof could not be re-used to cover the permanent seating area—given the difference in size; it is unlikely that the removed seating would be wanted for any other event; and the costs involved in dismantling the stadium—and surrounding \"pods\"—has not been factored into the estimated cost.\"

2012年倫敦奧運場館：移動的五環馬戲團？

倫敦將舉辦2012年奧運會。鑒于倫敦的場館尚處于建設之中，我們只來看看其國家體育場。

今年8月，倫敦國家體育場的設計方案揭曉。其主要特點有：下沉式的碗狀設計，以使觀眾能更近距離地觀看比賽；2.5萬個永久坐席和5.5萬個可拆卸的坐席；頂部有鋼纜支撐的屋頂，四周圍有布制簾幕，以此來為觀眾遮風擋雨。餐飲及商品銷售等設施將被分成功能完備的獨立箱體結構。

在所有的這些特點中，可拆卸性是最為特別的一個。它使得體育場可在奧運會后被出售。總建筑師羅德·希爾德稱這種可拆卸性頗具獨創性和前瞻性。《衛報》也認為這會是“奧運會舉辦新模式的第一步——這可能有些像一個旅行的馬戲團，可以降低成本，讓不太富裕的國家也有機會做主辦國。”

不過，也有人持不同看法。《泰晤士報》的建筑評論家湯姆·迪克霍夫認為，2008奧運會和2012奧運會的建筑在不久的將來將會被歷史學家視為“西方衰落和東方崛起的精妙指示器”。阿曼達·巴耶(在《建筑設計》雜志工作)也向倫敦國家體育場的設計者提出了質疑：“臨時屋頂無法再被用來遮擋永久坐席區——因為尺寸不同；拆卸下來的坐椅也未必是其他賽事所需要的；而且拆解體育場——包括環繞會場的箱體結構的成本，也未被視為估算成本的因素。”

Different people have different views toward the fate of the Olympic Games， yet only time can be the right judge. Let's more people enjoy the Olympic venues!

不同的人對于奧運場館的命運有著不同的看法，唯有時間才能做出正確的判決。希望能有更多的人享受到奧運場館的便利！