一、重點單詞
1. diet
【考綱釋義】n. 日常飲食;事物
【備考實例】 She had stomach trouble and had to follow _______.
A. strict foodB. a strict food
C. strict dietD. a strict diet
【考點解析】句意“她有腸胃毛病不得不遵守嚴格的飲食。”答案為D。food是一般用法,凡是能吃的具有營養(yǎng)的東西都可稱為food,diet指的是習(xí)慣吃的物品或規(guī)定的食物,特指維持健康的定量的食物,如病人的療養(yǎng)飲食等。
【知識拓展】 be on a diet在節(jié)食 go on a diet 節(jié)食,吃限定食物
2. energy
【考綱釋義】n. 活力;精力;能;能源
【備考實例】 Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of _______.
A. energyB. strength
C. powerD. force
【考點解析】句意“很多國家增加了對天然氣、風(fēng)能和其它能源的使用。”energy指能源,也可指物理學(xué)上的能的概念或生理上的精力;force著重力產(chǎn)生的實際效果; power著重行動所根據(jù)的職權(quán)或能力,還指人開發(fā)出來的動力,如power station(發(fā)電站);strength指人或物所固有的體力,強度或力量。答案為A。
3. balance
【考綱釋義】 n.平衡;均衡;天平;秤;收支差額;余額 vt. 使平衡;保持……的平衡
【備考實例】 Mr. Jones has 2,000 dollarsin the bank. If he draws 1,600 dollars, the ______ will be 400.
A. totalB. balance
C. sumD. measure
【考點解析】句意“瓊斯先生銀行存有2,000元。如果他取出1,600元,余額是400元。”答案為B,考查名詞詞義辨析。Total意為“總數(shù),總額”,sum意為“總數(shù),全部”,measure意為“措施,辦法,量度,尺寸”。
【知識拓展】 keep the balance保持平衡in the balance(命運)未定,在危急中;不確定 off balance不穩(wěn)on balance總的來說
4. fit
【考綱釋義】 adj. 健康的; 適合的 vt. 適合
【備考實例】 1. The doctor said it would be months after the operation before he _______ work.
A. was fit for B. fitted for
C. couldn’t fit D. fit to
2. Mother, I don’t think the blouse _______ me well. It’s a bit too tight.
A. fits B. suits
C. matches D. meets
【考點解析】例1句意“醫(yī)生說手術(shù)后要過幾個月他才適合工作。”答案為A,be fit for“適合于……”;例2句意“媽媽,我認為這件衣服不合身,它太緊了。”答案為A,fit多指衣服的大小或尺寸合適;而suit多指發(fā)式或衣服的款式跟使用的人的年齡、地位、職業(yè)、性別等相配或相稱。
【知識拓展】 be fit for 適合于…… be fit to do 適合做……keep fit保持健康 fit sb(大小、尺寸等)適合某人
5. honour
【考綱釋義】 n. 尊敬;榮譽vt. 尊敬;給以榮譽
【備考實例】 The government has held a ceremony _______ those killed in battle.
A. in honour of B. instead ofC. in favour ofD. by means of
【考點解析】句意“為了向戰(zhàn)死沙場的人表示敬意,政府舉行了一次儀式。”答案為A,in hounour of意為“為了紀念;向……表示敬意”,為了招待,為了歡迎,為了祝賀。
【知識拓展】do honour to sb 對某人表示敬意 show honour to sb 向某人表示敬意for the honour of為了……的榮譽 win honour for… 為……爭光 be / feel honoured to do sth. 做某事感到榮幸
6. purpose
【考綱釋義】n. 目的;意圖
【備考實例】 The _______ of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.
A. advantageB. challengeC. purposeD. title
【考點解析】句意“這本書的目的是提供完備的大學(xué)手冊。”答案為C,purpose意為“目的,意圖”,advantage意為“優(yōu)點;優(yōu)勢”,challenge意為“挑戰(zhàn)”, title意為“標(biāo)題”。
【知識拓展】on purpose故意地to the purpose 得要領(lǐng)的;中肯的;合適的 with the purpose of doing sth.為了某事;目的在于做某事
7. similar
【考綱釋義】adj. 相似的;類似的
【備考實例】
—Does Jones have brown hair?
—Yes, in fact it’s quite similar in shape
_______ yours.
A. asB. withC. toD. like
【考點解析】句意“——瓊斯長著金發(fā)嗎?——是的,事實上在形狀上和你的非常相似。”答案為C,be similar to 與……相似。
【知識拓展】 be similar in在……方面相似
8. respect
【考綱釋義】n. vt. 尊重;敬重
【備考實例】She has always been honest with me, and I _______ her for that.
A. regardB. respectC. respondD. celebrate
【考點解析】句意“她一直誠實對我,我因此對她敬重。”答案為B。regard意為“看作,認為”,respond意為“回應(yīng),答復(fù)”,celebrate意為“慶祝”。
二、重點短語
1. keep up with跟上;保持聯(lián)系
Tom has to work hard to keep up with his classmates.湯姆必須刻苦學(xué)習(xí)才能跟上同學(xué)們。
Do you still keep up with your first teacher? 你還與你的啟蒙老師保持聯(lián)系嗎?
【知識拓展】 catch up with 趕上 end up with 以……結(jié)束 put up with容忍
2. go for對……適用;想得到
What he said about you goes for me too.他關(guān)于你的一席話對我也適用。
She thinks it’s expensive, and that goes for me, too. 她認為這很貴,我也有同感。
He is going for a job.他正在求職。
【知識拓展】 go against違背;不利于 go after 追求 go by (時間)流逝 go over 復(fù)習(xí),檢查go through通過,經(jīng)歷
3. lose weight減肥
Now more and more girls hope to lose weight and become slim. 現(xiàn)在越來越多的女孩希望減肥變得苗條。
I think she might have lost a bit of weight.我想她體重可能減輕了一些。
【知識拓展】by weight按重量計算 gain weight增加體重give weight to重視;加強……;為……提出強有力的證據(jù) lay weight on sth.強調(diào); 認為……具有特殊意義put on weight體重增加;發(fā)胖 under the weight of在……重壓下, 迫于……
4. dress up 穿上盛裝;打扮;裝飾
You don’t need to dress up for this dinner. 你不必為這次宴會而打扮。
She was dressed up in her Sunday best.她身著節(jié)日盛裝。
The little girl dressed herself up as an angel. 這小女孩把自己裝扮成天使。
【知識拓展】 dress oneself sb. up把某人(自己)打扮起來;給某人(自己)穿衣服
dress up as 裝扮成;打扮成
5. have… in common有……共同之處
They found they had a lot in common and got on well. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多共同之處,相處得很好。
Although they are twins, they have nothing in common. 雖然他們是雙胞胎,卻沒有一點共同之處。
6. believe in信仰;信任
I don’t believe in the story. 我不相信這個故事。
We believe in him.我們信任他。
Do you believe in ghosts?你相信有鬼嗎?
【知識拓展】believe in與believe
believe指相信某人所的話或某件事,可接名詞、代詞、從句等;believe in指信任某人的品質(zhì),或信仰某一宗教、真理等,后接名詞或代詞。
7. give away贈送;分發(fā);泄露;
She gave away all her money to the poor. 她把錢都送給窮人了。
His accent gave him away as a northerner.他的口音讓人聽出他是北方人。
Do not give away my secret.不要泄露我的秘密。
【知識拓展】give back歸還 give in遞交;呈送:屈服give off放出;散發(fā)出give up投降:停止;放棄give out分發(fā);用盡;公布
8. take in讓……進入;接受;欺騙
The club took in a new member last week.俱樂部上星期又吸收了一名新會員。
The salesmen have taken in the old people and lamped them to buy their poor quality goods.那些售貨員欺騙老年人,讓他們購買劣質(zhì)商品。
【知識拓展】take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 記下來;拿下來take off 脫下(衣服等);(飛機)起飛
三、重點句型
1. as引導(dǎo)定語從句
【課文原句】Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life, and the fuel we need for our bodies is also different.
【經(jīng)典考例】 _______ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (2005 浙江)
A. When B. After C. AsD. Since
【考點解析】答案為C。句意為“正如我在電話中所解釋的,你的要求將在下次會議上考慮。”as單獨引導(dǎo)定語從句時,先行詞可以是一個詞,也可以是一個句子或短語。例如:
She is late, as is often the case. 她遲到了,這是經(jīng)常的事。(先行詞是整個主句)
To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish. 對事實視而不見,你們好多人都是如此愚蠢。(先行詞是不定式短語)
2. only+狀語引起的倒裝
【課文原句】 Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.
【經(jīng)典考例】 Only then _______ how much damage had been caused. (2006陜西)
A. she realized B. she had realized
C. had she realized D. did she realize
【考點解析】答案為D。Only引導(dǎo)的介詞短語或狀語置于句首時,句子需要部分倒裝,即將助動詞或情態(tài)動詞等置于主語之前。
3. even if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
【課文原句】 Even if we choose nutritious food for our main meals, we probably still need to refuel now and then.
【經(jīng)典考例】 Allow children the space to voice their opinion, even if they are different from your own.(2005 湖南)
A. until B. even if
C. unless D. as though
【考點解析】 答案為B。句意“給孩子們發(fā)表他們自己意見的機會,即使他們的與你的意見不同。”。even if表示“即使;盡管”,也可作even though,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
4. 先行詞為way的定語從句
【課文原句】 Most fruits are naturally
sweet and we can eat them just the way they are — all we have to do is clean and peel them.
【經(jīng)典考例】What surprised me most was not what he said but _______ he said it. (2004湖北)
A. the wayB. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
【考點解析】答案為A。句意“使我感到驚訝的不是他所說的話,而是他說這些話的方式。”way表方式時,后接定語從句,常用in which或that來引導(dǎo),也可省略掉引導(dǎo)詞。
5. as well as結(jié)構(gòu)
【課文原句】 The festivals were a way to celebrate history and culture, as well as New Year.
【經(jīng)典考例】 1. Email, as well as telephones _______ an important part in daily communication. (1999上海)
A. is playing B. have played
C. are playing D. play
2. John plays football ________, if not better than, David. (NMET 1994)
A. as well B. as well as
C. so well D. so well
【考點解析】 例1答案為A。句意為“電子郵件以及電話在日常交流中扮演重要的角色。”as well as作為固定短語常用來連接兩個并列的成分,作“以及”解。相當(dāng)于not only… but also,但強調(diào)的是前者,后者只是順便提及,因此連接并列主語時,謂語動詞與前者一致。例2答案為B。句意“如果約翰足球踢得不比大衛(wèi)更好,也至少一樣好。”這句的as well as不是固定短語,其中三個詞各有自己的意義和語法功能,第一個as是副詞,意為“這樣”,well也是副詞,意為“好”。第二個as是連詞,意為“像”,引導(dǎo)一個狀語從句,表示同級比較。