問責制

句子：我們必須建立和實行領導干部問責制。

誤譯：We must set up and carry out a leadership responsibility system.

正譯：We must set up and carry out a leadership accountability system.

解釋：responsibility system是“責任制”，指“明確規定責任范圍的管理制度”。而“問責制”是accountability system，指“對一切行為和后果追究責任的制度”。官員問責制是一種對政府及其官員的行為和后果追究責任的制度。Officials accountability is a system in which the government and its officials are held accountable for their actions and consequences.

“問責”的意思是“追究責任”，英語可以譯為 to hold sb accountable/ answerable for sth, to call sb to account。“被問責”，可以譯為to be held accountable/answerable for sth, to be called to account。英語accountable的意思是responsible for your actions and expected to explain them when you are asked，即“對自己的行為負有責任，并有說明義務”。例如： 1. 地方政府問責了這些失職官員。The local government called to account those wrongdoing officials.2. 這名官員因隱瞞重大食品安全事故而被問責。The official was held accountable for covering up a major food safety incident. ▲（本欄目供稿：王逢鑫教授）