緩解“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題的財(cái)政支農(nóng)政策選擇

彭新萬(wàn)

摘要:國(guó)家實(shí)施的財(cái)政支農(nóng)政策成為緩解“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題的重要手段,但是我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距、消費(fèi)差距、財(cái)產(chǎn)差距,以及公共服務(wù)差距等仍十分突出。究其原因,既有市場(chǎng)的,也有體制的。

關(guān)鍵詞: “三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題;城鄉(xiāng)差距;財(cái)政支農(nóng)政策

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):F320文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A

Financial Support for Agriculture Policy for Alleviating the Rural Issues concerning

“Agriculture,Countryside and Farmers”

PENG Xin-wan

(School of Economics,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nangchang 330013,China)

Abstract:Financial support for agriculture policy has become the important measure of alleviating rural issues concerning “agriculture,countryside and farmers ”.However, urban-rural income gap, consumption gap, the gap between property and the gap between public service are very prominent.The reasons include market and system two aspects.

Key words:rural issues concerning “agriculture,countryside and farmers ”;the gap between urban and rural areas;financial support for agriculture policy

國(guó)家實(shí)施財(cái)政支農(nóng)、惠農(nóng)政策以來(lái),我國(guó)“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題加重、升級(jí)的趨勢(shì)得到有效遏制,城鄉(xiāng)差距擴(kuò)大的趨勢(shì)明顯減緩,但“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題的運(yùn)行趨勢(shì)還沒(méi)有根本扭轉(zhuǎn),“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題仍很突出。本文擬從國(guó)家實(shí)施的財(cái)政支農(nóng)政策入手,對(duì)“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題現(xiàn)狀與特征的原因進(jìn)行分析,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出相關(guān)政策建議。

一、城鄉(xiāng)居民收入、消費(fèi)與財(cái)產(chǎn)比較

十六大以來(lái),我國(guó)農(nóng)民的人均收入增長(zhǎng)較快,每年均超過(guò)6%,但城鄉(xiāng)收入差距并沒(méi)有縮小,且絕對(duì)差距數(shù)越來(lái)越大,處于高位徘徊狀態(tài)。收入決定消費(fèi),城鄉(xiāng)收入差距大且高位運(yùn)行導(dǎo)致城鄉(xiāng)居民消費(fèi)差距大的現(xiàn)狀也沒(méi)有根本轉(zhuǎn)變。依據(jù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局2006年統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒上的數(shù)據(jù),我國(guó)農(nóng)村居民生活水平落后城鎮(zhèn)居民生活幾乎一個(gè)等級(jí),而且這種差距仍看不出有縮小的趨勢(shì)。目前,對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)居民家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)情況尚無(wú)準(zhǔn)確統(tǒng)計(jì),但從居民儲(chǔ)蓄存款余額來(lái)看,城鄉(xiāng)之間的差距相當(dāng)大,財(cái)產(chǎn)差距擴(kuò)大從另一方面說(shuō)明了城市收入的差距問(wèn)題。近年來(lái),在中央一系列強(qiáng)有力政策措施的促進(jìn)下,農(nóng)村的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和社會(huì)事業(yè)有了很大發(fā)展。但由于以往的欠賬太多,農(nóng)村水、電、路、氣等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)滯后,農(nóng)村中小學(xué)教育質(zhì)量低、農(nóng)民缺醫(yī)少藥等問(wèn)題仍比較突出。……