必修五　Ｕｎｉｔ　１　Ｇｒｅａｔ　ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ

黃　湘

一、完形填空

閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從1—10各題所給的A、B、C和D項中。

What is impressive about the innovators(革新者) who succeeded in making our modern world is that they often failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, ___1___the Web, fly across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cellphone. The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to___2 ___ through a number of wrong turns.

No one likes failure, but the smart innovators___3___it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, ___4 ___some of the company's successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is: “You only fail when you ___5___ .”

Over two centuries, the most common___6___of the innovators has been persistence. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left___7 ___in his office because he could not___8___the US$1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. ___9 ___, Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car. It was because of their determination in holding on and courage to go further that they___10 ___ succeeded.

Remember: those who are afraid to fail can never ride to victory on the back of criticism.

1. A. absorb B. search

C. handleD. link

2. A. success B. criticism

C. invention D. revolution

3. A. put forward B. learn from

C. make sense of D. get rid of

4. A. contributes B. analyzes

C. exposes D. owns

5. A. suspectB. blame

C. quitD. reject

6. A. answer B. responsibility

C. challenge D. quality

7. A. shoeless B. upset

C. cautious D. alone

8. A. offer B. provide

C. afford D. save

9. A. Likewise B. However

C. Therefore D. Namely

10. A. surprisingly B. positively

C. eventually D. jokingly

二、語法填空

閱讀下面短文,按照句子結構的語法性和上下文連貫的要求,在空格處填入一個適當的詞或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。

Chinese scientist Qin Dahe was awarded the International Meteorological (氣象學的) Organization Prize, ___11 ___ top prize of the World Meteorological Organization(WMO) in 2008. Qin, born in 1947, is a glaciologist. ___12___a member of the 1989 International Trans-Antarctic Pole Expedition, he became the first Chinese ever___13___ (cross) the South Pole. Qin has published a large number of ground-breaking(獨創的)articles using evidence___14___(gather) from that journey. “Inspired by the honor, I will continue my efforts to promote Chinas meteorological researches with our brilliant team members. Meteorological and climatic conditions___15___ (frequent) go to extremes nowadays. ___16___, it is such a great challenge to human beings ___17___the responsibility shouldered by meteorological sciences will become more and more important.“Qin said at the ceremony. ”

Chinese Vice Premier Hui Liangyu spoke highly of Chinas meteorological contributions during the May 12 earthquake-relief work as well as the Shenzhou VII spacecrafts flight mission. ___18___also said the prize not only reflected Qins remarkable contributions, ___19___should be considered an honor for all Chinas meteorological scientists and researchers. There is no doubt___20___China will deepen meteorological cooperation with the WMO and other nations.

三、閱讀理解。

閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中,選出最佳選項

Scientists involved in a historic “Big Bang” experiment to begin this week hope it will turn up many surprises about the universe and its origins -- but reject suggestions that it will bring the end of the world.

Cosmologists (宇宙論者)say that the explosion of an object, the size of a small coin, occurred about 13.7 billion years ago and led to formation of stars, planets -- and eventually to life on earth.

A key aim of the experiment is to find the “Higgs boson”, named after Scottish physicist Peter Higgs who in 1964 pointed to such a particle(粒子) as the force that gave mass to matter and made the universe possible.

“If some of what we expect to find does not turn up, and things we did not foresee do, that will be even more stimulating because it means that we understand less than we thought about nature,” said British physicist Brian Cox.

“What I would like to see is the unexpected,” said Gerardust Hooft of the University of Michigan. “Perhaps,” he suggested, “the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) machine at the heart of the experiment will show us things we didnt know existed.”

CERN, the European Centre for Nuclear Research, says its key researchers -- and many ordinary staff -- have been showing fears about the experiment by e-mails. There have been claims that it will create “black holes”of intensive(強大的) gravity sucking in CERN, Europe and perhaps the whole planet, or that it will open the way for beings from another universe to invade through a “worm hole” in space-time.

But a safety review by scientists at CERN and in the United States and Russia, issued at the weekend, rejected the prospect of such outcomes. “The LHC will enable us to study in detail what nature is doing all around us,” Aymar, who has led CERN for five years, said in response to that review. “The LHC is safe, and any suggestion that it might present a risk is pure fiction.”

21. The purpose of the text is to _______.

A. persuade scientists to stop carrying out such an experiment

B. inform people of the experiment and ask for public support

C. introduce peoples different opinions on the controversial experiment

D. give the public confidence and make them believe the experiment is safe

22. The underlined word in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. terrible B. exciting

C. deadlyD. positive

23. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The experiment has brought something unexpected.

B. Though it is believed that the experiment is safe, an explosion is still likely.

C. “Higgs boson” serves as the force that made matter and the universe possible.

D. The experiment will make it possible for beings from outer space to invade our planet.

24. We can learn from the text that _______.

A. each coin has two sides

B. practice makes perfect

C. knowledge comes from practice

D. where there is a will, there is a way

25. It can be inferred from the text that _______.

A. the explosion about 13.7 billion years ago resulted in life on earth

B. it will cost a lot of money to carry out the experiment

C. the black holes created will be similar to the natural ones

D. the result of the experiment still remains to be seen

四、基礎寫作

你校最近舉行的科技節(The Science and Technology Festival)圓滿成功。假如你是校報小記者,請根據以下內容寫一篇英文報道:

[寫作內容]

1. 時間:2009年6月12日下午2∶30

2. 地點:學校體育館

3. 活動目的:喚起學生對科學研究的興趣,提高學生動手操作能力

4. 活動內容:了解科學家的生平和最新科技發明,學生科技創作作品展示

5. 活動效果:學生積極參加,受益匪淺。很多同學還表示會認真學習,為祖國的發展貢獻自己的力量

[寫作要求]

只能用5個句子表達全部內容

[評分標準]

句子結構準確,信息內容完整,篇章結構連貫。

五、讀寫任務

閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150字左右的英語短文。

Beethoven was told by his music teacher that as a composer, he was hopeless. Walt Disney was fired by a newspaperbecausehe“lacked imagination and had no good ideas”. Thomas Edison was told by his teacher that he was too stupid to learn anything. Basketball legend Michael Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team as a sophomore (高中二年級學生). Charles Darwin did poorly in medical school and would have been a total failure except for his passion for botany. Stephen Spielberg dropped out of high school as a sophomore. He was persuaded to come back and was placed in a class for learning disabled children. He lasted a month and dropped out of school forever.

It was certain that they came across many obstacles preventing them from moving further. However, the people mentioned above have achieved great success and realized their value in their life. What makes them a success? The answer lies in the brilliant qualities they possess.

[寫作內容]

1. 以約30個詞概括這段短文的內容;

2. 然后以約120個詞就“成功的奧秘”為題寫一篇短文,內容包括:

(1)你從這篇短文中學到什么道理;

(2)請以你或他人的經歷,說明這個道理。

[寫作要求]

1. 概括要點和使用閱讀材料中的實例時,不得直接引用原文中的句子;

2. 作文中不能出現真實姓名和學校名稱。

[評分標準]

概括準確,語言規范,內容合適,篇章連貫。

答案與解析

一、完形填空

本文闡述了這樣一個道理:只有不畏懼失敗,才可以獲得成功。

1. B。search the Web或 surf the Internet,意思為“上網沖浪”。

2. A。此處success與原文開頭的fail相對應,意思為“那些給我們留下這些東西的革新者需要在數不清的失敗中尋找通往成功的道路”。

3. B。沒有人喜歡失敗,但聰明的革新者會從失敗中學習經驗。

4. D。“own...to...”意思為“把……歸功于”。

5. C。你失敗僅僅是因為你放棄。quit在此表示“放棄”。

6. D。通過句中的persistence,可知“堅持”是一種品質(quality)。

7. A。通過下文“he could not get his shoes from the repair shop”可得知,Walt Disney當時沒有鞋穿。shoeless表示 “不穿鞋的, 赤腳的”。

8. C。根據下文,“so broke after a succession of financial failures that...”可知道Walt Disney當時的處境是broke(身無分文),因此負擔不起修鞋費。afford表示 “負擔得起費用(損失、后果等)”。

9. A。likewise表示“同樣地”,此處列舉的兩個例子有著相同之處。

10. C。eventually“最終地”。

二、語法填空

本文是關于中國科學家秦大河被授予國際氣象組織獎的報道。

11. the。表特指用定冠詞the。

12. As。表示“作為”。

13. to cross。在“the first +名詞”后作定語,通常用不定式。

14. gathered。因evidence與gather是被動關系,所以用過去分詞短語作定語。

15. frequently。修飾動詞詞組“go to extremes”,用副詞。

16. Therefore/Thus。前后是因果關系。

17. that。固定搭配:such ...that。

18. He。由also一詞判斷,使用代詞he指代前文Hui Liangyu。

19. but。固定搭配:not only...but。

20. that。句型:“There is no doubt that...”,其中that引導同位語句型。

三、閱讀理解

本文講述的是科學家們對“宇宙大爆炸”實驗的不同看法。

21.C。作者意圖題。本文作者客觀介紹了科學家們對“宇宙大爆炸”實驗的看法,B項最符合文意,其他選項主觀、片面。

22. B。詞義猜測題。可根據詞形變換判斷:stimulate的意思是“刺激”,stimulating(現在分詞)表示“刺激的”。通過句子“it means that we understand less than we thought about nature”可判斷作者對此實驗結果的態度是肯定的,只有選項B是含有“褒”意。

23.C。細節理解題。選項C可在原文第3段找到答案。選項A不符合文意(根據原文第1段),選項B在文中沒有提及,選項D只是科學家的猜想,不一定是事實(根據原文倒數第2段)。

24.A。主旨概括題,通過諺語概括文章大意。A項意思是“事物都有著(正反)兩面性”,表明“宇宙大爆炸”實驗既有利也有弊,符合原文意思。

25. D。推理判斷題。文章只列舉科學家對實驗結果的猜測,但實驗結果仍無人知曉,并且是不可預計的(unexpected),因此選D。選項A能在原文第2段直接找到,不屬于推理判斷得出的。選項B、C在文中沒有提及。

四、基礎寫作

In order to arouse students interest in science and research and to improve their practical skills, our school successfully held a Science and Technology Festival in the stadium at 2∶30pm on June 12th, 2009. In the festival, students were provided with the chances to know more about the life experiences of the scientists and the latest inventions as well. Moreover, the products invented by our students were on exhibition at the same time. Students took an active part in such a meaningful activity that they benefited a lot. Many students showed their determination that they would spare no efforts to equip themselves with knowledge in order to make contributions to the development of their motherland.

五、讀寫任務

The passage tells us that despite facing obstacles and failures, many people with their distinct qualities were able to overcome difficulty and eventually realized their goals and achieved success.

Greatly inspired by the article, I learn that one will finally succeed if he acquires the quality of persistence. As the saying goes, God helps those who help themselves. Success will only belong to those who are strong-willed and determined.

Country born and country bred, my cousin Jackie was poor at English study, oral English in particular. He was always the one laughed at by the fellow students in class. However, he didnt give up. On the contrary, everyday he kept listening to the tape so as to imitate the standard pronunciation and practise his English orally. As was expected, he got rid of his terrible accent and even won the first prize in the English Oral Contest of our school.

All in all, with a strong will in mind, one is preparing himself on the way to success.

責任編校 蔣小青