職業病

句子：據報道，一名農民工接受了開胸驗肺手術以弄清他的職業病病情。

誤譯：It is reported that a migrant worker received an open-chest surgery to find out the truth about his professional illness.

正譯：It is reported that a migrant worker received an open-chest surgery to find out the truth about his occupational illness.

解釋：professional 的意思是connected with a job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of education，指與需要專門培訓或專門技能的職業相聯系的，即“專業的”，涉及范圍較小。這個詞不能用來修飾疾病。occupational 的意思是connected with a persons job，指與一個人的職業相關的，即“職業的”，涉及范圍較大。這個詞可以用來修飾疾病。

“職業病”的意思是指“勞動者在生產勞動及其他職業活動中，接觸職業危害因素所引起的疾病”。英語可以譯為occupational disease, occupation disease, occupational illness, work illness, work-related illness, employment disease, industrial disease。例如：

1. 皮膚病是工廠工人中的常見職業病。Skin disorders are common occupational diseases among factory workers.

2. 這些老工人記憶力差、有精神壓力、情緒動蕩，而且衰老加快，這些是職業病的常見癥狀。These aged workers suffered from poor memory, as well as stress, mood swings and accelerated aging, which are common symptoms of work-related illnesses.

3. 塵肺病是一種影響長期在煤塵環境下工作的煤礦工人的職業病。Black lung disease is an industrial disease that affects coal miners after working for long periods of time around coal dust.

“工傷”，可以譯為occupational injury, work injury, work-related injury, on-the-job injury, employment injury。例如：

4. 在建筑業，工傷的發生率要高一些。There is a higher rate of occupational injury in the construction industry.

5. 上下班途中因車禍受傷的人們將不屬于工傷保險的范圍。People injured in a car accident while traveling to or from work will not be covered by the work injury insurance.

6. 他因工傷而在醫院臥床3天。He was kept in bed at the hospital for three days because of an employment injury.▲

（本欄目供稿：王逢鑫教授）