有償家教

句子：他的父母請了一位家教來教他英語。

誤譯：His parents employed a family teacher to teach him English.

正譯：His parents employed a private tutor to teach him English.

解釋：英語表示“家庭教師”，不用 family teacher的說法。tutor 的意思是a private teacher, especially one who teaches an individual student or a very small group，正好表達了“家庭教師”的意思。

“家教”第一個意思是“子女在家庭接受的影響和教育”，即“家庭教育”。英語可譯為family education。如：1. 農村的許多孩子沒有機會接受家教，因為他們的父母到城里打工謀生去了。Many of the children in the rural areas have no chance to receive family education because their parents have gone to the city to work for a living.

“家教”第二個意思“進行單獨或小團體輔導”。英語可譯為 private tutoring, home tutoring, tutoring。如：2. 禁止教師通過家教或教私自辦的班來掙外快。Teachers are prohibited from making extra money out of tutoring or teaching privately organized classes.

“家教”的第三個意思是“家庭教師”。英語可譯為 private tutor, tutor。如：3. 他的父母給他請了一個大學高材生給他當家教，幫助他準備高考。His parents engaged a top student from a university as his private tutor who would help him prepare for the National Entrance Exam.

“有償”意思是“有代價的”或“有報酬的”。英語可以譯為 paid, compensated。例如：

4. 教師不應利用工作之便通過有償家教牟取私利。Teachers should not take advantage of their work to seek personal gain through paid tutoring.

“無償”的意思是“不要回報的”或“沒有報酬的”。英語可以譯為unpaid, uncompensated, free, gratis, non-reimbursable。例如：

5. 這位律師為弱勢群體提供無償的法律服務。This lawyer provides free legal service for disadvantaged groups.▲

（本欄目供稿：王逢鑫教授）

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