學會跳出陷阱

現在高考中，英語的單項填空(多項選擇)題已不再是單純考查語法，而是設置了許多語境，將各種語言知識置于語境中，要求考生看懂句干，了解語境，而后借助句型結構#65380;語法原理#65380;詞匯搭配等方法選出正確答案，而有的語境設計有一定迷惑性，且結構或詞的搭配極富干擾，致使考生容易出錯，這便是我們常說的“陷阱題”#65377;

高考真題

例1. 2007全國II

Speaking of all the songs he has written，I think this is probably his______one.

A. better-known B. well-known

C. best-known D. most-known

分析:考生很容易誤選B#65377;我們平常所做的許多類似的單選題，答案常是well-known，所以好多同學一看題干，就選了答案B#65377;但在這道題中，題干前半句已經規定了空缺處詞語的范圍——“最佳的”#65377;所以，應選C#65377;

例2. 2006江蘇

A poet and artist______coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.

A. isB. are C. was D. were

分析:誤選B#65377;許多同學看到and后，馬上想到主語不是一個人，謂語動詞用復數，所以選了B#65377;但實際上“a poet and artist”共用一個冠詞修飾，表示一個人，這個人既是詩人又是藝術家#65377;主語是一個人，謂語當然要用單數，再結合句子時態，所以，選A#65377;

例3. 2007陜西

He and his wife are of the same ______，they both want their son to go to college.

A. soulB. spirit C. heart D. mind

分析:誤選C#65377;我們在中文里常說:某人和某人是同心的#65377;但在英語中，此“同心”非“心臟相同”，而是“思想#65380;想法相同”，所以用mind，應選D#65377;

例4. 2006江西

— I’m dead tired. I can’t walk any farther，Jenny.

— ______，Tommy. You can do it!

A. No problem B. No hurry

C. Come on D. That’s OK

分析:誤選B#65380;D#65377;這是我們中文里的習慣說法:“我太累了，走不動了#65377;”“沒關系/別急，你能行的#65377;”于是就選了B或D#65377;但實際上，英語中一般是不會這么講的#65377;根據西方文化習慣，聽到“我走不動了”這句話的人一般會鼓勵對方繼續走下去#65377;而從題干的第二句的后半部分也能看出答話人是在鼓勵第一句話的發出者#65377;所以，要選C#65377;Come on的意思是“加油”#65377;

例5. 2006全國卷I

Mary， ______here — everybody else，stay where you are.

A. comeB. comes C. to comeD. coming

分析:一個破折號，使一個很簡單的句子變得看似有些復雜#65377;許多同學看到題后都在想，這個句子是什么類型的復合句，忽略了題干實際上就是破折號連接的兩個祈使句;要求Mary做come here這個動作;而everybody else做stay where you are的動作#65377;所以，應選A#65377;

例6. 2006重慶卷

Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class______he had to meet his uncle at the airport.

A. whyB. that C. whereD. because

分析:乍一看，感覺這個題目是一個很復雜的從句，不容易理解題干的意思#65377;但實際上，題干中插入了“for being absent from the class”這樣一個定語成分#65377;把干擾信息去掉后，這個句子可簡化為:Nobody believed his reasonhe had to meet his uncle. 馬上就能發現“he had to meet his uncle”其實是“reason”的同位語從句，而現在這個同位語從句缺引導詞#65377;答案很容易選擇，應該是B#65377;

例7. 2007全國卷I

— The last one______pays the meal.

— Agreed!

A. arrivedB. arrives C. to arriveD. arriving

分析:這道題單從語法角度看C#65380;D都可以選#65377;但仔細看題干，我們會發現這組對話實際上是一些人在討論沒有發生的事情，說最后一個到的人付錢，并且其他人都表示同意，所以，這個“the last one”應該還沒到，arrive的動作自然只能是將要發生，所以，選C#65377;

認真讀題，分析語境，在語境中考慮問題，是解決這類問題最有效的辦法#65377;

例8. 2006北京卷

— When do we need to pay the balance?

—______September 30.

A. InB. By C. DuringD. Within

分析:對話的第二句是個省略句，單憑這句不容易看出句子結構，容易誤選#65377;所以答題時，要先補全句子#65377;根據對話的第一句，補全后的回答應為“We need to pay the balanceSeptember 30”#65377;很顯然，四個選項中，只有B是正確的#65377;

●模擬練習●

1. — Was it under the tree______you were away talking to a friend?

— Sure. But when I got back there，the bike was gone.

A. thatB.where C. whichD. while

2. He was sentenced to death______what he has stolen from the bank.

A. thatB. since C. becauseD. because of

3. Wang Ling was elected______all he is the tallest.

A. becauseB. because ofC. forD. as

4. We’ll be free tomorrow，so I suggest______to the history museum.

A. to visit B. visiting

C. we should visit D. a visit

5. I like swimming，while what my brother enjoys______ .

A. cookingB. to cook C. is cookingD. cook

6. Thank you for the trouble you have______to help me.

A. paidB. taken C. hadD. asked

7. Who is it up______decide whether to go or not?

A. to toB. for for C. to forD. for to

8. We keep in touc______hwriting often.

A. withB. ofC. onD. by

9. — How long have you been here?

—______the end of last month.

A. InB. By C. AtD. Since

10. You should treat him(in)the way______suits him most.

A. thatB. in which C. 不填D. why

參考答案:

1—5 DDBDC6—10 BADDA

編輯/梁宇清