變式跟蹤之名詞、冠詞篇

名詞是表示人#65380;事物#65380;抽象概念等名稱的詞，根據其詞匯意義，通常分為專有名詞和普通名詞#65377;考生在復習中，需要掌握有關名詞的知識:名詞的數#65380;名詞的格#65380;短文改錯中對名詞的數的考查#65380;對集合名詞的考查及名詞詞義辨析#65377;

冠詞是用于名詞前用以說明該名詞含義的虛詞，通常可分為不定冠詞#65380;定冠詞和零冠詞，它的主要特點是表示泛指#65380;類指和特指#65380;專指#65377;考生在復習中，需要掌握有關冠詞的知識:冠詞的位置#65380;不定冠詞的用法#65380;定冠詞的用法及零冠詞的用法#65377;

名詞#65380;冠詞是每年高考單項選擇必考題#65377;在以往的高考中，對名詞#65380;冠詞的考查，著重名詞詞義辨析，以及冠詞泛指#65380;類指#65380;特指#65380;專指的用法和習語，特別是把不定冠詞#65380;定冠詞#65380;零冠詞#65380;可數名詞#65380;不可數名詞(具體化)結合起來考查#65377;

例1.(2007陜西卷)

He and his wife are of the same______;they both want their son to go to college.

A. soulB. spirit C. heart D. mind

[解析]

句意:他和他的妻子有共同的想法;他們都希望兒子考入大學#65377;soul 靈魂，心靈;spirit精神;heart 心，心臟;而mind=thoughts;a person’s way of thinking想法#65377;答案D#65377;

[知識鏈接]

一個名詞常有多種意思，考生在一個具體的句子中要把握好該名詞的正確意思#65377;例如:

Beck is an honest businessman. Our company and his have had a lot of ______ in the past five years.

A. deals B. arguments C. rewards D. sales

[解析]

句意:Beck是一個誠實的商人，在過去的5年里，我們公司和他的公司有許多交易#65377;deals協議(尤指交易)，如:make a deal with sb(與某人)達成一筆交易;arguments 協議;rewards報答，報酬，報償;sales 銷售額，銷售量#65377;答案A#65377;

[變式跟蹤]

1. I can’t say which wine is best—it’s a(n)______ of personal taste.

A. affair B. event C. matter D. variety

例2.(2007福建卷)

— How aboutChristmas evening party?

— I should say it was ______ success.

A. a;a B. the;a C. a;/ D. the;/

[解析]

句意:——這次的圣誕晚會辦得如何?——我認為是一個成功的晚會#65377;根據句意可知Christmas evening party表特指，故用定冠詞#65377;當success表“成功”時是不可數名詞，但表“成功的人#65380;成功的事”時是可數名詞(即抽象名詞具體化)，在此句中，success意為“一個成功的晚會”，故用不定冠詞#65377;答案B#65377;

[易入誤區]

此題易誤選D#65377;考生往往會把success當作不可數名詞，而忽視抽象名詞具體化的問題#65377;

[知識鏈接]

抽象名詞具體化通常使用的有:a success，a surprise，have a good time，have a good/full breakfast/lunch/supper，have a good knowledge of等，考生在考試中一定要注意#65377;

[變式跟蹤]

2.walk is expected to last all day，so bring______packed lunch.

A. The;a B. The;/ C. A;a D. A;/

例3.(2006全國二卷)

I know you don’t like ______ music very much. But what do you think of ______ music in the film we saw yesterday?

A. /;/B. the;the C. the;/ D. /;the

[解析]

句意:我知道你不喜歡音樂，但是你認為昨天我們看的那部電影中的音樂怎么樣?music是不可數名詞，在第一空處表泛指，不能與冠詞連用(即用零冠詞)，但是在第二空處有定語“in the film we saw yesterday”修飾，表特指，用定冠詞the#65377;答案D#65377;

[知識鏈接]

不可數名詞表泛指時，其前不能用冠詞;可數名詞表泛指時，其前則要用不定冠詞a(n);表特指時，不可數名詞和可數名詞均要用定冠詞the#65377;

[解題技巧]

考生在真實交際中應正確使用冠詞，對名詞的數的概念應有清楚的認識#65377;

[變式跟蹤]

3. Polar bears live mostly on______ sea ice，which they use asplatform for hunting seals.

A. a;aB. a;the C. the;/ D. /;a

●模擬練習●

1.(2005遼寧五校聯考)

— I’d like to see the movie very much，but I have no money on me.

— That’s OK. This is my______.

A. offerB. treat C. turn D. service

2.(2005北京豐臺統練)

It is reported that great ______ made to look into the case have paid off.

A. attentionsB. troubles C. efforts D. cares

3.(2006江南十校聯考)

If we go on using energy so wastefully，______are that our oil wells will be dried up before new energy sources can be found to replace oil.

A. chancesB. difficulties C. questions D. problems

4.(2006湖北聯考)

It’s important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the ______ in language studies.

A. situation B. expression

C. comprehenssion D. translation

5.(2006黃岡質檢)

Micky bought an old car cheaply，cleaned it up and sold it the next week at a______.

A. benefitB. bargain C. prize D. profit

6.(2007北京海淀4月)

Ding Junhui， most competitive snooker player，is ______ quite young man.

A. /;aB. the; / C. a;a D. a;the

7.(2006青島)

Don’t worry too much about ______mistakes. They are ______ natural part of learning.

A. /;theB. the;/ C. the;the D. /;a

8.(2005湖南師大附中)

He was suchgood speaker that he held our attention every minute of ______ three-hour lecture.

A. a;theB. a;/ C. /;the D. a;a

9.(2007湖南株洲)

money plays an important role in ______ material world. But you can’t expect it to give you real happiness.

A. A;theB. /;a C. The;the D. /;the

10.(2007天津寶坻一模)

The taxi driver was put in ______ prison because his car had knocked down a child. His wife went toprison to see him twice a month.

A. /;theB. the;the C. /;/ D. the;/

參考答案:

[變式跟蹤]1—3 CAD

[模擬練習]1—5 BCAAD 6—10 CDADA

編輯/梁宇清