且讀且思覓真知

《考試說明》要求考生在做閱讀理解題時(shí)能作出簡單判斷和推理:“閱讀文章的主要目的是獲取信息，即理解作者所要傳達(dá)的信息。在實(shí)際的閱讀活動(dòng)中，有時(shí)需要根據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)和線索，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推測作者未提到的事實(shí)或某事發(fā)生的可能性等。”2009年高考英語全國一卷閱讀理解部分和往年相比難度有所提升，對(duì)學(xué)生的思辨能力和靈活運(yùn)用語言的能力有著更高的要求。下面結(jié)合其中的三個(gè)例子進(jìn)行說明，給同學(xué)們提供一些解題的思路。

例一: (A篇)While I was wondering what I could do next， I heard the sound of a mother’s love. Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got up the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could， roaring(吼叫) all the time， but to her calf it was music.

58. How did the calf feel about the mother elephant’s roaring?

A. It was a great comfort.

B. It was a sign of danger.

C. It was a call for help.

D. It was a musical note.

解析: 此題答案是A。很多考生根據(jù)文中“to her calf it was music.”選擇答案D。對(duì)于小象來說媽媽的吼叫是不是一個(gè)音符呢?這里顯然是運(yùn)用了比喻。在這種危機(jī)關(guān)頭，象媽媽的吼叫無疑會(huì)給小象帶來極大的安慰。

例二: (C篇)We have met the enemy， and he is ours. We bought him at a pet shop. When monkey-pox， a disease usually found in the African rain forest， suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest， it’s hard not to wonder of the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings.

64. We learn from Paragraph I that the pet sold at the shop may______.

A. come from Columbia

B. prevent us from being infected

C. enjoy being with children

D. suffer from monkey-pox

解析: 此題答案是D。做對(duì)此題的關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)第一段話前三句話的理解。前兩句話中的代詞“he”，“him”指的都是“the enemy”， “the enemy”指的正是the disease “monkey-pox” (猴痘)，也就是說猴痘這種疾病是我們?nèi)祟悘膶櫸锏曩I回來的一個(gè)敵人。由此我們可以判斷在寵物店賣的寵物可能患有猴痘。

例三: (E篇)My wife， Eleanor， and I took the train from Paris to Strasbourg， where we were met by our driver and guide，and the minibus which goes along with the boat. We stopped off in Barn for an hour on the way. Then we were taken to Nancy where the boat was kept.

After the other passengers arrived， we had our first dinner on the boat. After dinner we walked into downtown Nancy， a village with a large square and wooden houses.

72. Where did the author get off the train?

A. Paris.B. Strasbourg.C. Nancy.D. Barn.

解析: 此題答案是B。從第一句話可知，我們從Paris到Strasbourg乘坐的是火車，我們的司機(jī)和導(dǎo)游在Strasbourg迎接我們，同時(shí)迎接我們的還有與boat并行的minibus。由此可知，作者是在Strasbourg下的火車。接下來我們乘坐minibus到boat的停放地Nancy，第二段話說我們在boat上用的晚餐，餐后我們還參觀了downtown Nancy。

通過以上各例子，我們看到，要想做好這類思辨性較強(qiáng)的試題，我們首先得有很好的結(jié)構(gòu)意識(shí)，對(duì)于長句、難句，我們要首先做句子分析。只有結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，才能意思明白。比如72題，我們得注意兩個(gè)定語從句以及它們的修飾對(duì)象。64題，我們得弄明白“he”，“him”，“the enemy”和“monkey-pox”的關(guān)系，等等。58題我們更不能只看字面信息，需要多加思考才行，要根據(jù)提供的已知信息進(jìn)行推理判斷。

編輯/梁宇清