工作壓力是心臟的敵人

Healthy people with stressful jobs who work long hours but get little satisfaction from what they do have twice the risk of dying from heart disease as satisfied employees， according to a study.

Job stress has been known to trigger heart problems in people who already have cardiovascular disease. Now Finnish scientists have now shown that even in healthy people the pressures of work can take their toll.

Obesity， high blood pressure， lack of exercise， smoking and being overweight contribute to heart disease — a leading killer in many industrialized countries.

But Mika Kivimaki， of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health， and his colleagues， who studied the medical histories of 812 healthy Finnish men and women in a metal industry company over 25 years， said job stress also plays an important role.

Workers who had the highest job-related stress levels at the start of the study were more than twice as likely to die of heart disease， according to the study published in The British Medical Journal.

Work stress involves too much work as well as a lack of satisfaction and feeling undervalued and unappreciated.

Many people work long hours but if the effort is rewarding the stress is minimized. Kivimaki said job pressure is damaging when being overworked is combined with little or no control， unfair supervision and few career opportunities.

The British Heart Foundation said the results support earlier research showing that people in jobs with low control， such as manual workers， could be at greater risk of heart disease than other employees.

“It is advisable for people to try to minimize levels of stress at work and for employers to allow people to have more control at work and to be rewarded for their successes，”the foundation said in a statement.

1. According to the passage， we know that _______.

A. healthy people with stressful jobs who work long hours get little satisfaction from what they do

B. healthy people have more chances to die from heart disease

C. healthy people often have job stress and long hours of work

D. those who are satisfied with their job reduce the risk of dying from heart disease even if they work at long hours of stressful jobs

2. The underlined words in the second paragraph most probably means _______.

A. kill them B. harm their health or even their lives

C. lead to the failure D. take away their freedom

3. According to the passage， we know there are _______ kinds of factors mentioned to lead to the heart disease.

A.4 B.5 C. 6 D. not clear

4. It can be inferred from Paragraph 7 that _______.

A. work stress involves too much work

B. the study ofKivimaki proves to be correct

C. it tells us the relationships between the job stress and health

D. work stress can be changed with the proper conditions

5. According to the author，which of the following is NOT the way of minimizing levels of stress at work?

A. Employers allow people to have more control at work.

B. Employers allow people to be rewarded to have more control at work.

C. Employers allow people to be rewarded for their successes.

D. Employers advise people to go out to take more exercise.

答案解析:

1. 選D。推理判斷題。由第一段可知。在健康人群中，那些工作時間很長但卻對工作不滿的人死于心臟病的幾率是正常人的兩倍。

2. 選B。詞義猜測題。在健康人群中工作壓力仍有可能奪去他們的健康乃至生命。toll是the cost in health ，life etc of illness，accidents etc之意。

3. 選C。 細節理解題。綜合文章第三段和第四段可知。三段提到了引起心臟病的因素有五種，而在第四段又接著提到了很重要的一點:那就是工作壓力也是導致心臟病發作的重要因素。

4. 選D。推理判斷題。這段告訴我們:許多人工作量大，但工作有成效，那么工作壓力就相對減輕，反之，工作量大，加之管理差勁，前途渺茫，因而導致工作壓力驟增。

5. 選D。事實判斷題。由最后一段可知，前三項都在文章中能找到。是英國心臟基金會對人們的建議。

編輯/梁宇清