完形填空解題三步驟

第一步:通讀+細讀

通讀全文并細讀首尾句，了解文章大意、關鍵詞

這是做完形填空的第一步，即以快速閱讀的方式瀏覽全文(填空處直接跳過)，了解文章大意，把握基本脈絡和前后邏輯關系，抓住主題和關鍵詞，為解題做準備。該步驟有利于對語篇有一個整體的了解，可避免斷章取義，減少解題時的盲目性。

標準的完形填空一般不會在第一句設空，目的在于給考生提供必要的背景信息。因此，在閱讀時要特別注意文章的第一句和最后一句，因為它們通常是文章的主題句，是全文的中心所在。從第一句往往可以窺見作者的寫作目的，把握作者的寫作思路以及文章將要敘述的內容。而最后一句是作者對文章內容的歸納總結，表明作者的觀點和態度，有利于加強考生對文章的理解。

注意:千萬不可跳過這一步驟直接填空。

第二步:試填空

聯系上下文試填空，利用邏輯推理來排選

在了解文章大意的基礎上，聯系所填部分的上下文，進行推理。注意前后是否會有暗示。一般來說，前后會出現答案的反義詞、同義詞或者本身就是答案。完形填空中有些空格的四個選項從詞匯搭配、語法和單句的角度考慮均行得通。但由于文章是一個完整的統一體，詞、句、段三者存在著內在邏輯關系，此時，需要在上下文中尋找有關的提示或暗示，對文章的情節進行邏輯推理，抓住關鍵詞語，理順句與句之間的關系，確定合理的答案。

注意:千萬不可采取看一空做一題的單項解題法。

第三步:代入答案

代入答案后，復讀全文，核對推敲

題目填完后(除個別難度較大的題目外)，應利用一到兩分鐘將答案代入原文通讀，通讀的目的是通過“語感”來核實答案。這樣讀下來，不僅可以改正填錯的詞，而且還可以在這一過程中得到啟發，把做不出來的題目填出來。

注意:千萬不可忽略“語感”及對篇章的整體把握。

●實戰練習之一●

有傷害的幫助

On the way to school， a little boy found a cocoon(繭) of a butterfly and watched it almost every day. One day， it started to break through a small hole in the cocoon， but it____1 ____greatly. Finally， it seemed it couldn’t succeed.

The boy felt____ 2____for the butterfly because he knew it was going to die if it didn’t get out. So he ran into the house and got a pair of____3____ and cut the cocoon a little. The butterfly came out and was____ 4____.

The only strange thing was that the butterfly had a swollen(腫脹的) body and dry wings. The boy kept waiting for the swelling to go down and for the____5____ to grow， but it didn’t. The butterfly crawled around unable to____6____and then it died an early death.

Therefore， he learned that the butterfly was supposed to struggle to get out of the cocoon. In fact， the struggle to get out of the cocoon____ 7____ the fluid(液體) out of its body and into its wings. Without the ____8____， the butterfly couldn’t grow， and would____9 ____fly. By trying to help the butterfly， the boy ____10____ hurt it.

1. A. struggled B. shouted C. changed D. waved

2. A. ashamed B. satisfied C. happy D. bad

3. A. knives B. trousers C. scissors D. shoes

4. A. free B. dead C. happy D. ugly

5. A. butterfly B. body C. wings D. legs

6. A. walk B. fly C. move D. run

7. A. pulled B. dropped C. pushed D. flowed

8. A. struggle B. difficulty C. body D. fluid

9. A. seldom B. hardly C. ever D. never

10.A. actually B. gradually C. slowly D. generally

答案:1～5 ADCAC6～10 BCADA

解析 通讀全文及首句(On the way to school， a little boy found a cocoon(繭)of a butterfly and watched it almost every day.)、尾句(By trying to help the butterfly，the boy 10 hurt it.)，可了解文章大意:小男孩對蝴蝶幼蟲破繭過程善意的幫助反而害了蝴蝶的故事。

1. A。指蝴蝶的幼蟲掙扎著要破繭而出，應選struggled。

2. D。小男孩看到幼蟲出不來很難過。feel bad for為……感到難過。

3. C。從后文的cut the cocoon可知他拿的是剪刀。

4. A。出來后就“自由”了，而不是“死”了。

5. C。從第三段第一句的a swollen body and dry wings可知該空應為與the swelling body to go down對應的dry wings to grow。

6. B。由于沒有通過破繭的過程，翅膀沒發育，幼蟲不能飛，所以選fly。

7. C。在破繭而出的過程中，幼蟲通過掙扎將液體擠出身體并擠壓到翅膀上，應選pushed。

8. A。這里講需要經過struggle的一個過程，但是如果沒有了這個過程(struggle)，就不能成長。

9. D。根據邏輯應是“永遠也不可能飛”，選never。

10. A?！笆聦嵣稀?，是幫了倒忙。選actually。

●實戰練習之二●

艾滋病警報

One out of five adults in southern Africa is living with H-I-V or AIDS. Southern Africa remains the worst affected part of the____1____. But Doctor Piot says there is an increase in parts of western Africa， such as in Burkina Faso， Cameroon and Nigeria.

Sex， infected blood and the sharing of injection needles can all____ 2____ the AIDS virus. AIDS was first____3____ in the nineteen eighties. Now， more____ 4____than men become infected with H-I-V. And Doctor Piot warns that the ability of countries to provide services has dropped as many health workers become____ 5____.

The UN says South Africa had more people with H-I-V at the end of last year than any other____ 6____. It had about five-point-three million____ 7____， around eleven percent of the ____8____.

South Africa says it hopes to have centers____ 9____ in every health district within a year and in every local area within five years. The plan also includes money for____ 10 ____education and training for health care workers.

1. A.nation B. city C. country D. world

2. A.carry B. spread C. contain D. fire

3. A.affected B. invented C. discovered D. hit

4. A.women B. children C. youths D. people

5. A.experienced B. young C. infected D. educated

6. A.country B. world C. continent D. area

7. A.cases B. deaths C. doctors D. nurses

8. A.poor B. men C. women D. population

9. A.close B. open C. work D. train

10. A.crime B. drug C. public D. injection

答案:1～5 DBCAC6～10 AADBC

解析 通讀全文及首句(One out of five adults in southern Africa is living with H-I-V or AIDS.)、尾句(The plan also includes money for 10 education and training for health care workers.)，可了解文章大意:南部非洲艾滋病的嚴重情況以及應對計劃。

1. D。southern Africa指“南部非洲”，因此是“世界”上受艾滋病影響最嚴重的地區。

2. B。spread指“(疾病的)傳播”。從上下文可知其余選項均不合適。

3. C。discover指“發現(艾滋病)”，invent指“發明”。

4. A。從后文的than men可知應選men的對應詞women。

5. C。整句意為“由于很多醫護人員受到感染，因此許多國家提供醫療服務的能力下降了”。

6. A。本句中South Africa是指“南非”這個國家，因此應該填上country和它對應。注意South Africa(南非)與southern Africa(南部非洲)的區別。

7. A。cases指“個案，案例”。

8. D。四個選項中population(人口)最具概括性。

9. B。have centers open指“開設艾滋病醫療中心”。

10. C。public education指“公眾教育”，和本句的“培訓艾滋病醫療人員”并列為兩個解決辦法。

●實戰練習之三●

猜不透的“怪坡”

This year is the two hundredth anniversary of the birth of writer Edgar Allan Poe. Edgar Allan Poe， whose life was____1____ and seemingly unhappy， wrote stories and poems of mystery and____2____ ， insanity(瘋狂) and death. Edgar went to live with the family of a wealthy Richmond businessman named John Allan after both his parents died. John Allan never officially ____ 3____him as a son， but the boy became known as Edgar Allan Poe.

Edgar Allan Poe did something____4____for writers of his time: he used a narrator in a story to____ 5____what was happening. Edgar Allan Poe is also remembered as the father of modern____6____ fiction， stories of an investigator who has to solve murders and other____ 7____. Arthur Conan Doyle， creator of the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes， wrote about how Poe’s____ 8____other crime writers: “Their main art must trace back to those admirable stories of Monsieur Dupin.” Dupin is a____ 9____ that appears in a series of Allan Poe’s detective stories.

Allan Poe was born in 1809 and died in 1849. Every year on January nineteenth， Poe’s birthday， a man dressed in black ____10____ . His face is covered. He places a bottle of wine and three roses on Poe’s grave. No one really wants to know the visitor’s identity. They prefer that it remain a mystery， much like Edgar Allan Poe himself.

1. A. short B. long C. boring D. simple

2. A. happiness B. science C. society D. terror

3. A. adopted B. adapted C. treated D. considered

4. A. ordinary B. horrible C. favorite D. unusual

5. A. play B. sing C. describe D. recite

6. A. horror B. detective C. love D. adventure

7. A. accidents B. crimes C. events D. incidents

8. A. commented B. influenced C. judged D. criticized

9. A. writer B. poet C. character D. actor

10. A. speaks B. performs C. appears D. dies

答案:1～5 ADADC6～10 BBBCC

解析 通讀全文及首句(This year is the two hundredth anniversary of the birth of writer Edgar Allan Poe.)、尾句(They prefer that it remain a mystery， much like Edgar Allan Poe himself.)，可了解文章大意:Edgar Allan Poe的生平簡介及其偵探小說作品對后世的影響。

1. A。根據and seemingly unhappy與最后一段的“born in 1809 and died in 1849”可知應選A。

2. D。這里填的詞應與前后的幾個名詞“mystery， insanity(瘋狂) and death”同類，選D。

3. A。Allan Poe跟了這個商人住，還以這個商人的姓作為部分名字，可見應該是人們預料的收養關系。當然，正如文章所說，他并沒有正式收養(adopted)Allan Poe。

4. D。從下一句的“also remembered”可知，Allan Poe肯定是因為這個something而被remember，由此推斷是something unusual。

5. C。作者對于故事中所發生的事情當然應當是describe(描述)。

6. B。根據后面的同位語stories of an investigator判斷。

7. B。根據“murders and other...”判斷，此處應是一個包含murder概念的詞，因此選crimes。

8. B。該空可利用9題的反推斷。而且此空前的Poe’s是指Poe’s detective fiction，因為8空的四個選項全是動詞。

9. C。既然這個Dupin出現在Allan Poe的故事當中，那他肯定就是故事中的人物(character)。而這些作家的作品都可以追溯到Allan Poe故事中的人物了，當然是受到了他的影響(influence)。

10. C。從文中看不出這個人說過話或是表演過，當然也不可能死了，所以C是最合理的答案。

編輯/梁宇清