1.賓語從句的概念:由一個句子充當賓語,我們稱之為賓語從句。
2.賓語從句的語序:永遠是陳述句。
3.賓語從句的連詞:
①如果賓語從句是從陳述句變化而來,要用連詞that來引導,that可省略。
②如果賓語從句是從一般疑問句變化而來,要用連詞if或whether。
③如果賓語從句是從特殊疑問句變化而來,連詞就該用特殊疑問詞。
4.賓語從句的時態:
①主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時或一般將來時,從句的謂語動詞可以為任何時態。
Why he didn't come?
How you do it?
Can you tell me Where the meeting will be?
Who he is walking with?
What he was doing at six yesterday?
Where he has gone?
②主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時,從句的謂活動詞必須是過去時中某一種。但是要注意以下兩點:
a.從句中有表示某一過去特定的時間狀語,其謂語動詞表示的動作雖發生在主句謂語動詞表示的動作之前,一般不用過去完成時,而用一般過去時。如:
I said I was born in 1980.
我說我出生在1980年。
I told him I joined the League last year.
我告訴他我去年入了團。
b.當賓語從句表示真理、科學原理及自然現象時,從句的謂語動詞不受主句的制約,采用一般現在時。如:
The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
老師告訴我們光比聲音傳播得快。
5.賓語從句的人稱:人稱代詞要隨合理的邏輯而自然變化。如:
She said,“I am much better than before.”→ She said she was much better than before.
6.when和if在引導賓語從句和狀語從句中,后面的時態有差別。如:
①Please let me know when your brother comes back.(狀語從句)
你哥哥回來時,請告訴我。
②I want to know when she will come back.(賓語從句)
我想知道她什么時候回來。
③I don't know when she will come back.But when she comes back,I'll let you know.
我不知道她什么時候回來。但是,當她回來時,我會告訴你。
[注]在狀語從句中,when的意思是“當……時候”;在賓語從句中,when是“何時”。If也是一樣,在狀語從句中,譯為“如果,假如”;在賓語從句中,譯為“是否”。如:
I don't know if she will come back.But if she comes back,I'll let you know.
我不知道她是否回來,但如果她回來,我會告訴你。