解析代詞易考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

　　代詞是中學(xué)英語學(xué)習(xí)中一個(gè)重要的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，在歷屆高考試題中均有出現(xiàn)，而學(xué)生在使用過程中常常因區(qū)分不開或者句意理解偏差而導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。現(xiàn)將這些易考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸納如下。
　　一、one/ones，it/them ，that/those的區(qū)別
　　1.The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase __________.（北京，2011）
　　A.them B.those C.it D.that
　　2.We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose__________ based on your own interests.（福建，2011）
　　A.either B.each C.one D.it
　　解析：
　　1【答案】C。it特指the employment rate。
　　2【答案】C。one =a summer camp。
　　it特指上文中同名同物的單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是them/they;
　　one泛指上文中同名不同物的單數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones；
　　that指上文中同名不同物的單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是those=the ones。
　　二、it用法
　　1．Why don’t you bring to his attention that you’re too ill to work on? （江西，2011）
　　A．that B．it C．this D．him
　　2.—I’ve read another book this week.（浙江，2009）
　　—Well，maybe __________ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
　　A.this B.that C.thereD.it
　　解析：
　　1【答案】B。it作形式賓語，真正賓語是后面的that從句。
　　2【答案】D。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/who ... 。
　　三、something /nothing/anything /everything /no特殊用法
　　1.Since people are fond of humor，it is as well in conversation as __________ else. （浙江，2011）
　　A.anything B.something
　　C.anywhere D.somewhere
　　2.There is __________ called Liming in our class.
　　A.no such a person B.no such person
　　C.not such one person D.not such person
　　解析:
　　1【答案】A。還原整句it is as well in conversation as （it is in anything）else。
　　2【答案】B。no /one +such+名詞（名詞前不用冠詞）; 與a連用時(shí)，a放在such后。
　　注:①Don’t think yourself to be a somebody（重要人物）. In fact，you are a nobody（小人物）.
　　②I got this bicycle for nothing;My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one. （免費(fèi)的）
　　③There is something in his words. We should have a try. （有些道理）
　　④I spent the whole day repairing the motorbike. The work was anything but simple. （一點(diǎn)也不）
　　⑤I agree with most of what you said，but I don’t agree with everything.（ not...everything是部分否定）
　　四、either /neither/ both/ none
　　1.He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found __________ of them again.（重慶，2010）
　　A.neither B.either C.each D.all
　　2.I haven’t read __________ of his books，but judging from the one I have read I think he’s a very promising writer.
　　A.any B.none C.both D.either
　　解析：
　　1.【答案】B。not/never... either等于neither。
　　2.【答案】C。根據(jù)句子后半部分“我已經(jīng)讀了其中的一本”，not...both表示“部分否定”。
　　五、none /no one/nothing
　　1.—How much vinegar did you put in the soup?
　　—I’m sorry to say，__________ I forgot.
　　A.no B.no one C.nothing D.none
　　解析：
　　1.【答案】D。none指人或物.可與of 連用，回答how many/much問句。 no one僅指人，不可與of 連用。而nothing則指什么也沒有。此題補(bǔ)全:I’m sorry to say that I didn’t put any vinegar in the soup，because I forgot it. 其中not... any = none。
　　六、another /the other/ others /the others
　　1.Neither side is prepared to talk to __________ unless we can smooth things over between them.（全國，2010）
　　A.others B.the other C.another D.one other
　　2.You are the team star! Working with __________ is really your cup of tea.（安徽，2010）
　　A.both B.either C.others D.the other
　　解析：
　　
　　1.【答案】B。2.【答案】C。
　　the other指兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè); others是代詞，相當(dāng)于other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，泛指“別的人或事 ”（無特定范圍）; the others= the other+名詞，表“（特定范圍內(nèi)） 其余的”。another指兩個(gè)以上中不確定的一個(gè)。
　　注:①—Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen，dear?
　　—Another one?（another+數(shù)詞=數(shù)詞+more）
　　②Over the past 20 years，the Internet helped change our world in one way or another for the better.（以某種方式）
　　七、人稱代詞和反身代詞
　　1.On my desk is a photo that my father took of __________ when I was a baby.（四川，2010）
　　A.him B.his C.me D.mine
　　2. Surprisingly，Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made __________ almost an overcoat for her.（安徽，2011）
　　A.them B.her C.itself D.herself
　　解析：1【答案】C 。2【答案】C 。
　　注：①—I can’t believe he’s fifty. He looks so young.
　　—Me neither.（簡略回答中代詞多用賓格）
　　②反身代詞固定短語：of oneself（自動(dòng)地）；by oneself（獨(dú)自）；for oneself（為自己）；between themselves/ourselves（私下里）；seat oneself（就座）；dress oneself（穿衣服）。
　　八、連接代詞who（m）ever/whatever/what
　　1.After __________ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
　　A.which B.it C.what D.that
　　2.Sarah hopes to become a friend of __________ shares her interests.
　　A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matter who
　　3.__________ the boy did never satisfied his stepmother.
　　A.However B.Whatever
　　C.No matter how D.No matter what
　　解析:
　　1【答案】C。what引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，用作介詞after的賓語。
　　2【答案】C。whoever 在此相當(dāng)于 anyone who。whoever 既用作shares的主語，也用作介詞of賓語。whomever只作賓語。而no matter who只有在讓步狀語從句中才等于whoever。
　　3【答案】B。whatever此處引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在句中作主語，不可與no matter what互換。只有在讓步狀語從句中no matter what和whatever才可以互換。