金融英語——常用詞匯(九十二)

credit grading 信用等級

Grades an individual or company on how good their credit is.

標明個人或公司信用好壞的等級。

credit history 信用記錄

A statement of the debts and obligations， whether current or past， of a person which helps a lender to assess the risk of a loan to that person. A record of an individual's or company's past borrowing and repaying behavior.

對某人無論過去還是現在的債務聲明，幫助貸款人估計貸款風險。個人或公司以往借款和還款的記錄。

credit instrument 信用工具

A promissory note or written evidence of a debtor's obligation.

本票或債務方債務的書面證據。

credit insurance 信貸保險，信用保險

Protection against usually large losses from unpaid accounts receivable.Optional coverage that pays off the balance of an outstanding loan in the event the insured become disabled， unemployed or die.

對未收到應收賬款而致的大量損失的保護措施。

credit insurance premium 信用保險保費

The Premium paid on the insurance against abnormal losses due to unpaid accounts receivable.

對因應收賬款未被清償而導致的損失所投保險的保費。

credit limit 信用限額

The maximum amount of credit that a bank or other lender will extend to a customer， or the maximum that a credit card company will allow a card holder to borrow on a single card.

銀行或其他貸款人愿意提供給顧客的信用最高額，或信用卡的最高透支額。

credit line 信用額度

An arrangement in which a bank or vendor extends a specified amount of unsecured credit to a specified borrower for a specified time period. Also called line of credit.

銀行或貸方對一位特定的借戶在特定時期擴大特定數量的無擔保信用的安排。亦稱信貸額度。

credit memo 信用票

A form that lists the details of a sales return or sales allowance.

詳細列出銷售退貨或銷售折扣的清單。

credit note 信用票

Issued by a seller to a purchaser to record the reduction of a bill because of an allowance， return or cancellation.Opposite of an invoice. A sales invoice in reverse. A typical example is where you issue an invoice for ￡100， the customer then returns ￡25 worth of the goods， so you issue the customer with a credit note to say that you owe the customer ￡25.

由于折扣或者退貨，銷售者向購買者發出的減價通知。與發票相反。

credit order 信用訂單

A sales order received without payment.

沒有付款的銷售訂單。

credit rating 信用評級

A published ranking， based on detailed financial analysis by a credit bureau， of one's financial history， specifically as it relates to one's ability to meet debt obligations.

信用調查機構對一個人詳細財務分析公布的信用等級。指運用統計的方法擬定評等或評分的標準，再將客戶的各項主要信用屬性予以數量化，而按評等或得分的高低判斷客戶信用品質的優劣。銀行可根據此種信用評等的結果作為其對客戶授信的基準，實施差別利率，同時也可加強銀行的管理單位監督授信業務。

credit report 信用調查報告

A report on the past ability of a loan applicant to pay installment payments. Several national and local companies make such reports.

有關貸款申請人過去分期付款能力的歷史詳情報告，包括身份信息、賒欠賬戶和貸款、破產和以后的付款以及最近的調查。幾家全國性和地方性公司提供這類報告。

credit risk 信貸風險

The potential for a borrower to fail to live up to his/her obligations under a loan arrangement. The risk that an issuer of debt securities or a borrower may default on his obligations， or that the payment may not be made on a negotiable instrument.

借戶可能活不過其貸款債務的潛在可能。債務證券發行人或借款人不履行債務的風險，或可轉讓支付工具不被清償的風險。交易雙方在交割時或交割后無法履行契約中規定義務時所產生的風險，又可稱為違約風險。例如，當借款人無法履行償還義務時導致貸款人所承擔的風險。

credit score 信貸得分

A measure of credit risk calculated from a credit report using a standardized formula. The number produced by an analysis of an individual's credit history.

運用標準公式，由信用報告得出的衡量信用風險的指標。