電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)撐起重慶工業(yè)一片新藍(lán)天

□ 文/唐松

“電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的戰(zhàn)略性、基礎(chǔ)性、先導(dǎo)性產(chǎn)業(yè)，也是重慶市迅速崛起的新興支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，對于拉動經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式具有十分重要的作用?！敝貞c市經(jīng)信委負(fù)責(zé)人日前表示，剛剛出臺的《重慶市電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)三年振興規(guī)劃》進(jìn)一步明確了2013-2015年重慶市電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)主要發(fā)展思路、發(fā)展目標(biāo)和發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，到2015年，重慶市的電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值將占全國總量的10%，占整個重慶工業(yè)產(chǎn)值的三分之一。

直轄十五年來，重慶市信息產(chǎn)業(yè)保持了30%左右的年均增長速度，目前已基本形成以筆電、集成電路、軟件及信息服務(wù)外包、通訊設(shè)備、信息家電、儀器儀表等為重點(diǎn)的產(chǎn)業(yè)格局，到2015年它將成為全市經(jīng)濟(jì)第一大支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。

“重慶信息港”構(gòu)造重慶電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的雛形

直轄之初，重慶電子工業(yè)大大落后于全國先進(jìn)地區(qū)，僅有的金雀、紅巖電視、五洲阿里斯頓電冰箱也只靈光一現(xiàn)，大量的電子生產(chǎn)企業(yè)虧損嚴(yán)重甚至倒閉，即便有少量民企開始涉足電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)，也多集中在低端配套領(lǐng)域，零零星星，不成規(guī)模。而此時(shí)電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)已開始成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的新潮流。

直轄的重慶選擇了匯入這個發(fā)展變革的大潮，市政府已經(jīng)開始重視發(fā)展電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)，并提出了建設(shè)“重慶信息港”的計(jì)劃。1998年2月11日，市政府成立信息產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組。這是一個由當(dāng)時(shí)市委市政府主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)為組長，集合了院士、教授、高級工程師的專業(yè)團(tuán)隊(duì)。他們在調(diào)查了全國100多個地區(qū)、部門和單位的信息化建設(shè)情況后，提出了建設(shè)“重慶信息港”的計(jì)劃，即“21129”工程。包括建設(shè)二大網(wǎng)：基礎(chǔ)通信網(wǎng)和信息交互網(wǎng)；一窗口：“重慶之窗”；十二個應(yīng)用信息系統(tǒng)，包括政務(wù)管理、國民經(jīng)濟(jì)、金融信息、商業(yè)貿(mào)易、稅務(wù)管理、醫(yī)療保健、公眾服務(wù)等等一系列全部實(shí)現(xiàn)電子信息化。重慶信息港建設(shè)先期投資就有160個億，用于兩類大網(wǎng)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)平臺的建設(shè)分到了144個億。1999年，全市從事電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的企業(yè)突破1000戶，達(dá)到1019戶，其中制造業(yè)583戶，郵電通信業(yè)72戶，軟件業(yè)50余戶，計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用服務(wù)業(yè)300余戶，重慶電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的從業(yè)人員也達(dá)到了5萬余人。

西永工業(yè)園的建立助推產(chǎn)業(yè)形成快速發(fā)展

西永微電子產(chǎn)業(yè)園的建立和發(fā)展是重慶電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展的標(biāo)志和里程碑。該產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)于2005年8月成立，它是重慶市為優(yōu)化和提升全市產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、發(fā)展高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)而規(guī)劃建設(shè)的IT產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)，是“十一五”期間發(fā)展電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的主要基地，也是中西部地區(qū)首家通過國家發(fā)改委審核的微電子產(chǎn)業(yè)專業(yè)園區(qū)。

經(jīng)過多年艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)，西永園區(qū)現(xiàn)已初步具備了一個現(xiàn)代化產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)的雛形，已進(jìn)入大開發(fā)、大突破的前夜?；萜铡⒏皇靠怠V達(dá)、英業(yè)達(dá)、微軟、IBM、NTT DATA、AP、辛克、凸版、兵裝集團(tuán)摩托車事業(yè)總部、渝德科技、北大方正、中科院軟件所、科博達(dá)、挪威RPR、NIIT等國內(nèi)外知名企業(yè)落戶園區(qū)，基本形成了以惠普重慶電腦生產(chǎn)基地和富士康、廣達(dá)、英業(yè)達(dá)等為代表的PC制造產(chǎn)業(yè)，以茂德8英寸芯片線、中電科技2條6英寸芯片線為代表的集成電路產(chǎn)業(yè)，以惠普GDCC、NTT、中科院軟件所等為代表的軟件與服務(wù)外包產(chǎn)業(yè)，以富士康（重慶）產(chǎn)業(yè)基地、北大方正、科博達(dá)等為代表的電子元器件配套產(chǎn)業(yè)的四大產(chǎn)業(yè)格局，日益成為重慶自主開發(fā)、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、引智引資和對外展示的熱點(diǎn)和重慶市擴(kuò)大就業(yè)、拉動內(nèi)需、打造內(nèi)陸開放高地的重要支撐，園區(qū)被授予“國家電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)基地”、“國家服務(wù)外包基地城市示范區(qū)”、“國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)示范園區(qū)”、“國家加工貿(mào)易梯度轉(zhuǎn)移重點(diǎn)承接地”、“中國服務(wù)外包基地城市”、“國家高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)（信息產(chǎn)業(yè)）基地”等稱號。

在2000年至2007年間，重慶電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)就迎來了一輪快速發(fā)展期，產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚雛形顯現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈不斷延伸，集成電路蓄勢待發(fā)，數(shù)字儀器儀表優(yōu)勢突出，通信設(shè)備制造日趨壯大，汽車電子快速發(fā)展，電子材料也異軍突起。2007年，重慶電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)由先導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹еa(chǎn)業(yè)。

市經(jīng)信委數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2007年全市電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)主營業(yè)務(wù)收入達(dá)到473.9億元，信息產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值占全市GDP的比重達(dá)6%，重慶信息產(chǎn)業(yè)從全市國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的先導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)一躍成為支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。此間，軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)迅速崛起，2000年重慶軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)銷售收入僅有3億元，2007年全市軟件及信息服務(wù)業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)收入155億元。2005年是重慶的軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的另一個突破年。2004年，服務(wù)外包產(chǎn)業(yè)正在全國興起，當(dāng)時(shí)歐美的軟件制作成本越來越高，不少軟件開發(fā)訂單向印度、中國等新興國家轉(zhuǎn)移。這年，重慶正式發(fā)展服務(wù)外包產(chǎn)業(yè)，兩年后成為全國第二批服務(wù)外包示范城市。

數(shù)據(jù)中心

云端計(jì)劃成為電子信息發(fā)展的強(qiáng)大推進(jìn)器

2009年富士康與惠普一道，落戶重慶。2010年宏碁與重慶簽約，將其全球生產(chǎn)基地和中國第二營運(yùn)總部布局重慶。這是宏碁在全球戰(zhàn)略布局的唯一一個復(fù)合型基地。同時(shí)，惠普400萬臺內(nèi)銷筆記本電腦也放到了重慶生產(chǎn)。

據(jù)重慶市經(jīng)信委介紹，惠普、宏碁、華碩、東芝、富士通等五大品牌，廣達(dá)、富士康、英業(yè)達(dá)、仁寶、緯創(chuàng)、和碩六大代工企業(yè)分別布局西永綜合保稅區(qū)和兩路寸灘保稅港區(qū)，500余家零部件企業(yè)聚集璧山、銅梁、永川、江津等區(qū)縣，引進(jìn)了惠普、華碩、佳杰、貝寶結(jié)算中心和惠普、宏碁研發(fā)中心等，重慶造筆記本電腦產(chǎn)量占全球10%。

但是，惠普400萬臺內(nèi)銷電腦，遠(yuǎn)不足以成就重慶筆電基地的夢想。于是，重慶創(chuàng)造性地提出“垂直整合”模式，徹底打消了惠普對物流成本的顧慮，惠普將重慶生產(chǎn)基地的訂單從內(nèi)銷400萬臺，一下子擴(kuò)大到外銷的4000萬臺。

2011年，和碩、緯創(chuàng)、仁寶紛紛簽約落戶重慶。

品牌商和代工商扎堆入渝，吸引了全球范圍內(nèi)的筆電配套企業(yè)。4年間，重慶筆電產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)形成了“5+6+500”的“品牌商+代工商+零部件配套企業(yè)”的產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。

2011年9月25日，市長黃奇帆在第六屆市長國際經(jīng)濟(jì)顧問團(tuán)會議上提出了城市信息化與信息產(chǎn)業(yè)—全球化背景下云端智能城市發(fā)展、重慶市“云端計(jì)劃“建設(shè)現(xiàn)代智能城市及發(fā)展的重要模塊和配套項(xiàng)目，促進(jìn)“重慶未來三年做成云集上百萬臺服務(wù)器、上千億元規(guī)模的云計(jì)算基地，成為全球數(shù)據(jù)處理中心”。

當(dāng)前的計(jì)算資源也應(yīng)該能使三維走時(shí)層析成像中的有限頻率敏感度內(nèi)核應(yīng)用到廣角反射／折射數(shù)據(jù)。Gautier等（2008）已證實(shí)了將有限頻率層析成像應(yīng)用到當(dāng)?shù)氐卣饠?shù)據(jù)，通過提供三維復(fù)雜速度結(jié)構(gòu)的高分辨率圖像，包括層邊界銳化，提高了地殼層析圖形的質(zhì)量。雖然全波形三維層析成像利用譜元法和寬帶地震記錄（Tape et al，2009，2010）已用于建立區(qū)域三維模型，但至今尚未證實(shí)它是否適用一般僅用垂直分量檢波器記錄的廣角反射／折射數(shù)據(jù)。

園區(qū)電子產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)線

重慶電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)明天更美好

人類對電子產(chǎn)品的需求不斷更新，全球主要國家都將電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)視為經(jīng)濟(jì)振興計(jì)劃的重要組成部分。據(jù)有關(guān)資料顯示，預(yù)計(jì)未來電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)市場規(guī)模將處于穩(wěn)步增長階段，2015年將比2011年上升17%。但目前由于西方國家一系列重振制造業(yè)的政策刺激和區(qū)域生產(chǎn)成本差距縮小等因素，出現(xiàn)了高端電子制造業(yè)回流發(fā)達(dá)國家、中低端轉(zhuǎn)移到勞動力成本更低的一些周邊國家的趨勢，這對重慶電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)會有一定影響。

不過，電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)在當(dāng)前各行業(yè)融合創(chuàng)新、工業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級的趨勢下具備了新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇和產(chǎn)業(yè)增長點(diǎn)。一方面，電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)各行業(yè)多有交集，制造業(yè)、軟件業(yè)、運(yùn)營業(yè)與內(nèi)容服務(wù)業(yè)加速融合，新技術(shù)、新產(chǎn)品、新模式不斷涌現(xiàn)，為產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展提供了新的機(jī)遇。另一方面，電子信息技術(shù)在工業(yè)各領(lǐng)域與生產(chǎn)各環(huán)節(jié)的持續(xù)深化應(yīng)用，將形成一批輻射范圍廣、帶動作用強(qiáng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)新增長點(diǎn)，為產(chǎn)業(yè)持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定、健康發(fā)展提供堅(jiān)實(shí)保障。

新一代信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)也是我國戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)之一，正在步入加速成長期，帶動產(chǎn)業(yè)格局深刻變革。以下一代寬帶移動通信、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、高性能芯片等為代表的新一代信息技術(shù)快速發(fā)展，已成為各國競爭的戰(zhàn)略制高點(diǎn)。我國規(guī)劃到2015年電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)銷售收入超過10萬億元，并將在“十二五”期間加速發(fā)展新一代信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)，推動部分信息制造業(yè)向內(nèi)陸地區(qū)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)移，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化信息技術(shù)在各個領(lǐng)域的滲透和應(yīng)用。

前不久出臺的《重慶市電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)三年振興規(guī)劃》指出，重慶市電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)日趨成熟，隨著產(chǎn)業(yè)環(huán)境的改善，產(chǎn)業(yè)平臺的搭建，人才體系的健全，物流通道的完善，世界500強(qiáng)、中國500強(qiáng)的落戶，重慶市迎來了電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)跨越式發(fā)展的大好時(shí)機(jī)。特別是，中央批準(zhǔn)重慶市建立的內(nèi)陸地區(qū)最大的綜合保稅區(qū)和保稅港區(qū)，以及近些年來“無中生有”形成的電腦產(chǎn)業(yè)垂直整合模式，吸引了一批世界級的跨國電子巨頭落戶我市，并帶動一大批戰(zhàn)略伙伴隨之跟進(jìn)，為重慶市快速建成電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)集群創(chuàng)造了基礎(chǔ)和條件。

為此，重慶市將圍繞國家電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)“十二五”發(fā)展規(guī)劃和工業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級規(guī)劃的要求，以產(chǎn)業(yè)集群為主攻方向，以龍頭產(chǎn)品為牽引，以西永微電園、兩江新區(qū)為核心平臺，以龍頭企業(yè)為依托，著力發(fā)展關(guān)聯(lián)性強(qiáng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，著力促進(jìn)電子制造業(yè)與信息服務(wù)業(yè)的融合發(fā)展，著力建設(shè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的共性支撐平臺，著力推動信息技術(shù)在各個領(lǐng)域的推廣和應(yīng)用，不斷提高信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的附加值、創(chuàng)新能力和市場占有率，努力建成內(nèi)陸地區(qū)最大的信息產(chǎn)業(yè)高地。預(yù)計(jì)到2015年，我市將建設(shè)成為國家重要的電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)基地，形成“3+6+3”產(chǎn)業(yè)體系，即：六千億計(jì)算機(jī)、兩千億軟件及信息服務(wù)、千億通信設(shè)備及物聯(lián)網(wǎng)3個千億級產(chǎn)業(yè)集群；智能家電、集成電路與元器件、光伏與LED、智能儀器儀表、數(shù)字醫(yī)療與汽車電子等應(yīng)用電子、電子裝備等6個百億級產(chǎn)業(yè)集群；兩江新區(qū)、西永微電園、經(jīng)開區(qū)等3個千億級產(chǎn)業(yè)基地；并打造“2+10+2”千百億企業(yè)，即：兩家千億級企業(yè)，10家以上百億級企業(yè)，其中包含兩家總部設(shè)在重慶的百億品牌企業(yè)。至此，重慶就將成為全球筆記本電腦生產(chǎn)基地、國際離岸云計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)基地以及全國重要的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、智能儀器儀表、集成電路、數(shù)字醫(yī)療產(chǎn)業(yè)基地，電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)真正成為重慶的第一支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。

Electronic Information Industry:Supporting the Industry of Chongqing

"Electronic information industry is strategic, fundamental, leading industries of the national economy,as well as the rapid rise of the pillar industry of Chongqing municipality, it plays a very important role in spurring economic growth, adjusting the industrial structure and changing the development model ”.

The information industry in Chongqing has been maintained a 30% per cent of the average annual growth rate for 15 years,it has been basically formed an industry structure of integrated circuits, software and information service outsourcing,teleco mmunications equipment, information appliances, instruments as key industries, it will become the fi rst pillar industry of the economy of the whole city by 2015.

"Chongqing InforPort" Forming the Embryonic Electronic Information Industry in Chongqing

The electronics industry of Chongqing was way behind of other advanced regions of China Before it's directly under the Central Government.And by that time,the electronic information industry has been the new trend of the development of the world economy.

The Establishment of Xiyong Industrial Park Boost the Fast Development of Industry Formed

The establishment and development of Xiyong microelectronics industrial park is a sign and milestone of the rapid development of electronic information industry in Chongqing.It is established in August 2005, it is an IT industry Park that for Chongqing to optimize and upgrade the industrial structure and development of Chongqing City,it is also the main base of the development of electronic information industry during the"Eleven-Five",it is also the first micro electronics industry Park that'sexamined and verifi ed by the national development and Reform Committee in the Midwest of China.

After many years of hard working,Xiyong has became a preliminary prototype of a modern industrial park,HP, Foxconn, Quanta, Inventec,Microsoft, IBM, NTT DATA, AP,Stewart Cink, Toppan, headquarters of soldier equipment group and the motorcycle business, founder, Norway RPR, NIIT and other domestic and foreign well-known enterprises settled in the Park.it Basically formed computer production base ,PC manufacturing industry, IC industry,software and service outsourcing industry,electronic components supporting industry of four -industry pattern.

In fact, from 2000 to 2007,Chongqing electronic information industry ushered in a round of rapid development period, the industrial chain continuously expanding, IC poised, digital instruments with obvious advantage, communications equipment manufacturing is increasingly growing, fast development of automotive electronics, electronic materials are also rising.In 2007,Chongqing electronic information industry changed from the leading industry into a pillar industry.

In 2007 the revenues of Chongqing's software and information services was 15.5 billion yuan.In 2005 which was another breakthrough in the development of software industry in Chongqing.In 2004, the services outsourcing industry was in a rise,software costs in Western counties increasingly higher at that time,many software development orders was transferred to India, China and other emerging countries.that year Chongqing offi cially developed service outsourcing industry , two years later,it become the second group of services outsourcing model city in China.

Cloud Plan Being the Powerful Trusters for Electronic Information Development

HP and Foxconn settled in Chongqing in 2009.In 2010 Acer signed a contract with Chongqing,buildingits global production base and the second operational headquarters in Chongqing.This is the only compound base of Acer's global strategic layout.meanwhile,4 million domestic laptops of HP were produced in Chongqing.However, HP's 4 million domestic computers were not enough to fulfill its dream of being the laptop power base in Chongqing.Thus, Chongqing's creative presentation "vertically integrated" mode completely deterred Hewlett-Packard logistics cost concerns, HP Chongqing production base of orders from domestic sales of 4 million units extend to the export of 40 million units.lots of companies settled in Chongqing is attracting a global range of laptop set enterprises supporting the business.within 4 years Chongqing laptop industry has formed a "5+6+500" of the "brand +Commerce + spare parts Assembly industrial enterprise" industrial clusters.

On September 25, 2011, Mayor Huang Qifan put forward the urban informatization and information industry to promote "Chongqing being the cloud base with millions of servers and hundreds of billions of dollars and became the global data-processing center within next three years ".

A Better Tomorrow of Chongqing Electronic Information Industry

The next generation of information technology industry is one of the strategic emerging industries in China,it is entering a period of accelerated growth, driving industry pattern of profound change.China is planning to make the sales revenues of more than 10 trillion yuan at electronic information industry area by 2015 and to accelerate development of the next generation of information technology industry during the"Twelve-Five" , promote the transfer part of the information industry to inland areas, further strengthening the infiltration and application of information technology in various fields.accelerate adjusting the space layout of information industry.

The electronic information industry of Chongqing three-year revitalization plan stated that electronic information industry development in Chongqing based on mature,with improvement in the industrial environment, industrial platform structures, the talent system of sound,perfect logistics channel, companies of world top 500, top 500 in China settled in,Chongqing ushered in a great time of rapid development of electronic information industry .

Chongqing will focus on associate development and strengthen industry chain, focus on promoting the development of electronic manufacturing and integration of information service industry, focusing on General supporting platform for the development of the construction industry, focus on promoting the popularization and application of information technology in various fields, and continuously improve the added value of the information industry, innovation and market share,efforts to build largest interior highland of information industry.

It is predicted that Chongqing will be built into national critical electronic information industry base by 2015, forming a "3+6+3" industrial system, namely: 600 billion computers,200 billion software and information services, billions of communication equipment and network 3 industrial clusters with hundred billion worth.Intelligent household electrical appliances, integrated circuits and components, photovoltaic and LED,intelligent instrumentation, medical and automotive electronics applications such as electronics, electronic equipment of 6 industrial clusters with ten billion worth;Liangjiang New Area,Xiyong micro-park,Jingkai District of 3 industrial bases with ten billion worth.And to build a "2+10+2" billions of enterprises, namely: two hundred billion worthy enterprises, more than 10 enterprises with ten billion worthy,which contains two ten billion worthy brand enterprises which headquartered in Chongqing .

At this point, Chongqing will become the global notebook production base and international off-shore cloud computing data base and national important industry base of intelligent instruments, integrated circuits, and digital medical industry, electronic information industry really became the fi rst pillar industry in Chongqing.