金融英語——常用詞匯(九十三)

credit scoring信貸記分

A statistical technique used to determine whether to extend credit (and if so, how much) to a borrower.

用于決定是否授信給借款人的統計方法。

credit spread信貸息差

A spread option position in which the price of the option sold is greater than the price of the option bought.

投資人賣出其期權與其買入另一個期權的價差。是指當某種證券的期權短頭寸大于該證券的期權長頭寸時，投資人可以從經紀人賬戶中獲得的信貸資金。

credit squeeze信貸緊縮

Government measures designed to limit the supply of credit in the economy, in order to curb inflation by controlling growth in the money supply.

政府限制經濟中的信用供給量，以通過控制貨幣供給來控制通貨膨脹的方法。

credit swap信用互換

A swap designed to transfer the credit exposure of fixed income products between parties.

將固定收入產品的信用在雙方間轉移的互換。

credit union信用合作社

A non-profit financial institution that is owned and operated entirely by its members.

由成員所有并經營的非盈利金融機構。

credit unions信用合作社

A non-profit financial institution that is owned and operated entirely by its members.

是指消費者信貸合作的一種形式，近年來在美國發展很快。這個機構以低息發放個人短期貸款，其信貸資金的來源是會員的存款。

creditor 債權人

A person or business that has a claim to the assets of a business; a person or business to which money is owed. May be secured (the debt has been registered against the property of the debtor) or unsecured.

給他方信貸的個人或組織。別人欠其金錢的人。

creditworthiness信譽度

A creditor's measure of an individual's or company's ability to meet debt obligations.

債權人衡量個人或公司還債能力的指標。

critical mass關鍵規模

The size at which a business or market undergoes a fundamental change in regard to operations.

一家公司發展非常重要或關鍵的階段。

CRM客戶關系管理

Customer relationship management.Those aspects of a business strategy which relate to techniques and methods for attracting and retaining customers.

與公司吸引和留入客戶的方法和策略有關的公司策略部分。

CROGI總投資現金回報率

A measure of financial performance calculated as gross cash flow after taxes divided by gross investment.

一種衡量財務表現的指標，計算方法為稅后總現金流除以總投資額。

cross交叉交易

When a broker receives a buy and sell order for the same stock at the same price, and subsequently makes a simultaneous trade between two separate customers.

一名經紀收到對同一股票、價格一樣的買入及賣出指示，然后促成兩名獨立客戶之間的交易。

cross default連帶違約

A provisions in a bond indenture or loan agreement that puts the borrower in default if the borrower defaults on another obligation.

債券或貸款協議條款，規定若借方對另一項債務責任違約即會被視為對協議中的債務責任違約。

cross hedge交叉對沖

Hedging one instrument's risk by taking a different position witha related derivatives contract.

是指根據不同標的資產或不同的交割期，運用期貨或遠期合約為某商品或證券頭寸的價格波動套期保值的一種避險策略。例如，在外匯市場上，某種通貨沒有遠期外匯市場，則可以買賣另一種與它相關聯的遠期通貨，以此避免損失。

cross hedging交叉持股

Hedging one instrument's risk by taking a different position with a related derivatives contract.

上市公司持有其他上市公司發行的證券。

cross rate交叉匯率

The exchange rate between two currencies expressed as the ratio of two foreign exchange rates that are both expressed in terms of a third currency. Foreign exchange rate between two currencies other than the U.S. dollar, the currency in which most exchanges are usually quoted.

是指按對第三種貨幣比價計算的兩種貨幣之間的匯率。例如，通過美元對人民幣的匯率和美元對法國法郎的匯率，得出人民幣對法國法郎的匯率。