用語篇學習法學好高中英語

隨著九月新學期的開學，大批的初中生結束了初中的讀書生涯，轉入了忙碌的高中學習生活。與初中英語相比，高中英語的內容更多，知識更豐富，詞匯量更大，如果我們依然按初中的學習方法來學習高中英語，會在相當長的一段時間內難以適應。因此，能夠快速地適應高中的英語學習，恐怕是每一位高一新生的愿望。筆者希望下面的語篇學習法對同學們有所幫助，對老師們也有所啟發。下面我以模塊一的第一單元“Friendship”為例，談談如何利用語篇學習高中英語。

一、熱身活動

本單元熱身活動中的五個問題，問的是你對朋友有多大幫助，其目的是通過鼓勵同學們大膽想象并積極思考來獲得對本單元話題內容的認識。做完這份調查之后，同學們可以利用其中的新學詞匯寫成篇章，思考人生。如：

According to a survey， many teenagers are easily upset when they are ignored. I think the reason for this is that they are too concerned about themselves. In fact， in our life we may go through many difficulties. Therefore， when we have some problems， we should calm down and turn to our parents and teachers.

短短幾句，既包含了出現的幾個單詞和短語，又包含了一些人生哲理。反復朗讀，對記憶詞匯、培養語感和思想教育都有一定的幫助。

二、課文復述

熟讀并背誦課文有利于鞏固這個單元所學的內容，也有利于培養良好的語感。但高中的課文都偏長，不利于背誦。建議同學們將課文濃縮成五句話的短語篇，然后將其背誦，背誦起來就相對容易了。如本單元的課文可濃縮為：

During World WarⅡ， Anne and her family had to hide away because they were Jewish. They had hidden away for nearly twenty five months before they were discovered. During that time， Anne was very lonely and the only true friend was her diary， which she could tell anything to.

After being indoor for so long， she was very crazy about everything to do with nature. Sometimes she stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon.

該語篇中含有幾個表示時間的關聯詞，要細心體會，反復朗讀，直至背誦，對以后寫記敘文大有裨益。復述課文可能對高一新生來說是一種挑戰，老師可以指導學生在大量的模仿下，嘗試去寫。以后讀寫任務的概括寫作和英語聽說考試考試中的故事復述都需要這種技能，一定給予重視。

三、語法學習

很多同學學習語法只停留在單句，學法單一，操作起來較為枯燥。如果通過具體的語境或篇章來學習語法，效果就完全不同了。如：

At the beginning of this term， my English teacher asked me to introduce myself and whether I was interested in English. I felt nervous and didn’t know how to answer his questions. Fortunately， my classmate， Tim， told her something about me. He said that I had finished my junior high school in a village school and that I had little spoken English. Thanks to his help， I felt courageous and promised that I would practise my spoken English from the following day.

這篇文章是用來學習間接引語的，當中出現了一般過去時、過去將來時、過去完成時等，對時態復習也有一定的幫助。在我們接觸一種新的語法時，如果同學們能用所學的語法知識，寫成一些英語短文。久而久之，你的英語思維能力和寫作能力就會大大地提高。

四、話題寫作

如果我們從高一起就注意積累跟本單元話題相關的寫作素材，日集月累，到高三或高考寫作時就有話可說了。如：

Friends are very important for us， because we can talk to our friends and may be helped out， if we meet any difficulty. Without friends， we would feel embarrassed when we have some troubles or need help.

But how to have a good relationship with our friends， I think we should often keep in touch with our friends. Otherwise， no good relationships can be maintained. Besides， We should give our friends a hand without hesitation when they are in trouble.

“正反論證”“提出措施”是議論文寫作的常用方法。我們通過話題寫作并將其范文背誦，大量積累語料，就為日后的寫作提供了必要的保障。

五、詞匯復習

很多同學記憶單詞只局限于單詞的死背，很少利用篇章去幫助記憶單詞。只有通過語篇記憶單詞，記憶才會牢固。如：

As we disagreed with each other on something， I had a quarrel with my good friend， Mary， which made us upset for an entire week. To my sorrow， she packed up her things in the suitcase and left our dormitory. At the beginning， I was not concerned about her leaving， and thought that we would get alongwell with each other again. However， she ignored me on purpose， which made me suffer a lot. Tired ofthis， I had to settle down and had a talk with her face to face. Luckily， she was grateful for what I said and our friendship has been recovered. From this， I know if we have some problems， we should calm down and settle them together.

這篇短文“故事性”較強，條理清晰，故容易記憶。該短文含本單元中的十多個新單詞和短語，反復朗誦到背誦，一定會記熟大量的詞匯。

總之，只要我們重視利用語篇來學習英語，并為之付出不懈的努力，我們的詞匯、語法、寫作一定會得到很大的提高。建議同學們學完每一種課型后，堅持以英語日記、英語隨筆等形式寫成五到十句的英語短文。

（作者單位：廣寧縣廣寧第一中學）

責任編校 蔣小青