讀寫任務(wù)分兩部分:概括和論述。雖然概括只有5分,所占比例不是很大,但是卻是文章的開頭,對于后面的論述起到鋪墊和導(dǎo)入的作用,而且很多同學(xué)經(jīng)常在這里失分。寫好概括,只要掌握五步法,其實(shí)很簡單。本文試以2012年廣東高考讀寫任務(wù)題為例闡述概括寫作五步法。
1. 審中文。
有的同學(xué)一拿到試卷就開始看讀寫任務(wù)中的閱讀文章,急急茫茫想把概括先寫完再寫后面的論述。殊不知概括是讀寫任務(wù)的一部分,與所寫文章的關(guān)系是部分與整體的關(guān)系。所以,先研究整體,研究寫作主題,才知道概括的主要內(nèi)容或者指向,這樣既能大大降低概括的難度又能提高概括的準(zhǔn)確性。如2012年高考中,從“就老師影響學(xué)生的話題談?wù)勀愕南敕ā笨梢酝茰y出短文一定是關(guān)于老師和學(xué)生之間的故事,重點(diǎn)還會落在老師對學(xué)生的影響上面。短文中就出現(xiàn)了“having a great influence on her life”和“played an important part”兩個和“影響”有關(guān)的字眼。
2. 找單詞。
審?fù)曛形囊螅涂从⒄Z閱讀文章并找出關(guān)鍵詞。如果是記敘文,表達(dá)“誰干什么”的詞就是關(guān)鍵詞,只要抓住“誰干什么”就行了。首先找出“誰”,把文中所有的人物都找出來。如短文中出現(xiàn)了“my husband” “his student”兩個人物。然后就找“干什么”的詞語,即把主要的謂語動詞找出來。文中的主要動詞有:“received a letter” “thank him” “having a great influence”(第一段);“helped me discover the talent for math” “showed me the beauty of math” “made continuous progress” “have a great influence”(第二段);“(was) a wonderful gift ”“was special”(第三段)等。
3. 挑重點(diǎn)。
找出關(guān)鍵詞之后,再進(jìn)一步分清主次,找出重點(diǎn)詞語。首先是人物,誰重要一些?如果不重要就去掉,如果和主要情節(jié)有關(guān)就保留。從文中分析可知“my husband”和“his student”兩個人物都重要,主要人物是“my husband”。其次是動詞的主次問題。第一段是“received a letter”和“thank”,第二段是“helped”和“have a great influence”,第三段是“was special”。
4. 重組合。
在挑出“誰干了什么”這些詞語之后,就可以依據(jù)文章的原有意思用自己的語言重組句子,既要避免照抄原文,又不能偏離原文意思。如根據(jù)以上重點(diǎn)詞語可以形成如下句子:(1)My husband received a letter from his student.(2)His students wanted to thank him.(3)My husband helped her study math and encouraged her to study it.(4)He has influenced her greatly.(5)My husband was touched because it arrived at a special time. 當(dāng)然,這里還要考慮人稱的問題,因?yàn)橐玫谌朔Q,所以就不可能出現(xiàn)“my husband”,只能轉(zhuǎn)成“the writer’s husband”。在這一步,其實(shí)形成簡單句就行了,對于水平比較高的考生,可以不用寫出來,直接過渡到下一步驟。
5. 定句式。
在重新組合簡單句之后,從文章的情節(jié)或者重點(diǎn)出發(fā),根據(jù)句子與句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)木涫剑眉s30個詞表達(dá)出來。如在重新考慮以上五個簡單句之后,運(yùn)用一個非限定性定語從句,就可以這樣概括為:The author’s husband received a letter, in which the student expressed her thanks to him for encouraging her to study math and having a great influence on her. He was touched by the letter. (34 words)
從以上的分析可以看出,只要掌握好概括寫作五步法,寫好概括應(yīng)該不是什么難事。
附:2012年廣東英語高考試題之讀寫任務(wù)
閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。
My husband received a letter a month ago from a young woman who had been his student when she was in middle school. She was writing because she wanted to thank him for having a great influence on her life.
In the letter she wrote, “You were the teacher who helped me discover my talent for math. Before you came to teach us, I had been terribly poor at math, and had never thought that I would be interested in it. To my surprise, you magically showed me the beauty of math. I guess that was the turning point of my attitude towards it. Gradually my interest in it began to grow. Thanks to your encouragement, I made continuous progress in math, and finally made up my mind to study it in the university. Today I am working as an accountant at Valley Medical Center in California. You played an important part. Thank you!”
What a wonderful gift to a retired teacher! My husband has received many letters from students over the years. This one was special, for it arrived at this time in his life when he is in very poor health.
【寫作內(nèi)容】
1. 以約30個詞概括上文的主要內(nèi)容。
2. 以約120個詞就老師影響學(xué)生的話題談?wù)勀愕南敕ǎ瑑?nèi)容包括:
(1)上文使你想起哪位對你幫助最大的老師;
(2)舉例說明該老師對你學(xué)習(xí)或成長的影響;
(3)你怎樣看待老師對學(xué)生的影響。
(作者單位:廣州市鐵一中學(xué))
責(zé)任編校 蔣小青