出租子宮——揭秘印度“嬰兒工廠”

去年，廣州一對夫婦通過代孕誕下八胞胎的事件轟動全國。這除了引起大家對違反計生規定的討論外，也讓“代孕”這個灰色的產業浮出水面?！按小?，在我國以及世界其他許多國家都是明令禁止的。但是，在相對保守的印度，這卻是一個合法的產業，以致世界各地的“求子若渴”的夫婦不惜遠道前去?！按小边@種行為依然充滿神秘，但或許我們能從印度這個“嬰兒工廠”窺探一斑。

Human beings have two main 1）instincts： the instinct of self-protection and the instinct to reproduce，” says Dr Nayana Patel.

And she should know—she has 2）carved out a career matching 3）infertile couples with poor women willing to “rent their wombs”. Beginning with a couple of 4）surrogacies a year in 2003， Dr Patels Akanksha Infertility Clinic in the west Indian state of Gujarat， now delivers around 110 surrogate babies a year.

Commercial surrogacy is highly 5）controversial and banned in many countries across the world.

But in India， a socially 6）conservative society， surrogacy has 7）thrived since the Supreme High Court of India legalized the practice in 2002， with a report by the Confederation of Indian Industry estimating the industry will generate $2.3bn （1.5bn euros） annually by 2012.

人類有兩種主要的本能：自我保護和繁殖，” 納雅娜·帕特爾醫生說道。

她是很清楚的——她正是替不孕不育的夫婦與那些愿意“出租自己的子宮”的貧困婦女搭橋，成功開拓出一番事業。這一切始于2003年，當年帕特爾醫生在她那位于印度西部古吉拉特邦的阿坎可沙不孕不育診所進行了幾例代孕醫療服務，如今，該診所每年接生的代孕寶寶約有110個。

有償代孕是一種極具爭議性的行為，而且在全球許多國家被禁止。

但是在印度這個社會道德保守的群體，自從2002年印度最高法院將代孕行為合法化后，代孕服務便盛行起來。印度工業聯合會在一份報告中估算：到2012年，該產業每年將能產生23億美元（15億歐元）收益。

Partly due to pressure from 8）campaigners， the Indian government set out a draft bill last year， which aims to limit the age of surrogate mothers to 35， 9）imposes a maximum of five pregnancies—including their own children—and makes medical insurance 10）mandatory.

Attempting to avoid messy legal battles that have occurred in the past， another proposal makes it 11）compulsory for 12）prospective parents prove that any infant born to a surrogate mother will have automatic citizenship in their home countries. The bill also aims to stop clinics sourcing， supplying and taking care of the surrogate mothers themselves.

However， for now， its business as usual at Akanksha Infertility Clinic.

Its a little after 10 on a Wednesday morning as Dr Patel arrives at the clinic. Inside， there is a 13）flurry of activity. Medical staff clad in light and navy blue run about， calling out names and carrying files. The lobby is full of women in brightly colored saris， while others are in Western clothes. They are either desperately seeking a baby of their own or seeking to lift themselves out of poverty and offer their own children a better life.

One of the main attractions of surrogacy in India is the price. Most of Dr Patels clients are from the U.S.， Canada and Europe. Where it is legal， surrogacy in Western countries can cost 70，000 euros. At Dr Patels Akanksha Infertility Clinic， tucked down a narrow lane behind a 14）chaotic market in Anand， it costs around a third of that.

一定程度上是受到社會運動人士的壓力，印度政府于去年制訂出一條法令草案，旨在限定代孕母親的年齡不高于35歲，并不得懷孕超過五次——包括懷孕自己的孩子在內——而且強制購買醫療保險。

為了盡量避免以往發生過的麻煩的法律糾紛，另一項法律提案要求準父母親必須提供證據，證明任何由代孕母親所生的孩子能夠自動成為他們原籍國的公民?！?br>