完形填空是中考試卷上綜合性較強的項目,也是區分度較大的題型。完
形填空是在語篇中考查詞匯的綜合運用,考生答題的正確率往往不高。其原因有:文本的閱讀不充分,理解不透徹;做題拘泥于按題號順序選擇答案,忽視上下文的聯系;備選項詞義辨析能力欠缺。針對這些影響做題正確率的原因,考生首先應培養并提高以下能力:
一、快速閱讀的能力。完形填空是在閱讀理解語篇的基礎上做題的,因此,它和閱讀理
解一樣要求學生具備快速閱讀的各種能力和技巧。
二、語篇的整體處理能力。完形填空一般選取一篇結構嚴謹的短文,層次清楚,線索也
不復雜,用幾個段落較為集中地表達一個主題。因此在閱讀中要分清段落之間的層次關系,找準主題,按主題線索合理推斷文章字里行間的意思,才能準確選擇答案。
三、 語言知識辨析能力。由于所給的選項大多是單個的詞,且基本屬于同一詞類,在
語法結構上都是正確的,關鍵在于詞義的干擾,這就要求學生要有準確辨析詞義的能力。
具備了以上的能力還是不夠的,在解題時,還可以用解題技巧,提高答題的正確率。
一、關注首末句,了解主旨要義
完形填空一般無標題,首末句一般不留白,都是完整的句子,通常根據首末句可以判斷文章體裁,預測全文的主旨和要義。讀懂首末句可以幫助建立正確的思維方向,避免誤入歧途,對理解全文起重要作用。
【例】
Rachel lived in a small town in America. She always wanted to help others when she was young.
…
So far more than $850,000 has been raised from all over the world, including donations from the Africans who are moved (感動) by the little American girl. (2012年 泰州卷)
【簡析】通過閱讀上文的首末句,考生可以了解到這篇文章是關于一個美國小女孩蕾切爾的故事。她樂于助人,熱衷于慈善,她的事跡感人至深,募得的善款數額漸增。
二、跳過空格速讀全文,把握文章大意
速讀全文要一氣呵成,盡管有空格、生詞或不明白的地方,仍要快速讀下去,不要急于看選項。一遍讀不懂可以再讀一遍,明了大意,掌握概要。總體把握文章內容后有助于細節的理解。速讀時對篇章的結構、文章情節的展開和結果要有所了解,在此基礎上答題可以提高篩選選項時的準確性。
【例】Self reflection means stopping the mad rush of activity and calming yourself and your mind so your brain can evaluate(評價) the input it has already received. Some people prefer to do 16 self reflection mentally, while others keep a diary or written notes of some kind. Whether written or purely mental, the 17 is the same.
… (2012年 南京卷)
16. A. our B. your C. their D. its
17. promise B. profile C. program D. process
【簡析】這篇完形填空第一段的第一句較長,句子結構較復雜,考生如果被第一句難住,產生恐懼心理,就難以較好地完成這項試題。如果考生不要太多地糾結于該句,接著往下讀,也能大致掌握全文的大意,也并不是不能做出正確的選擇。如第16題這句話的主語是some people ,其對應的物主代詞是their,選項C正確。第17題所在的句意是“無論是書面的(反思)還是純粹精神上的(反思),它們的過程是一樣的。”選項A、B、C三個詞與前后能形成搭配,但意思不通,故D答案正確。
三、瞻前文顧后文,先易后難各個擊破
1.擇優法
在通讀全文的基礎上,根據文章的意思和結構邊讀邊填,一部分答案如果可以隨即選出,就不必要逐個考證其余答案,以節省時間。
【例】Once there was a poor little girl living near a forest. She had no family and no one to love her, so she often 21 sad and lonely. (2012年 宿遷卷)
21. A. thought B. found C. sounded D. felt
【簡析】該題提供的四個選項都是動詞的過去式,根據前兩句的意思“小女孩沒有家人,沒有人愛她,因此她經常覺得傷心和孤獨”,考生一眼可以看出“felt”是最合適與sad and lonely搭配的,另三個選項不必太花時間琢磨,就可以斷定答案D是最佳答案。
2.比較法
完形填空各題所給的四個選項一般都是詞形、詞性一致的四個詞或短語,且通常與前后能形成搭配,考生需要比較四個選項的意思和用法,才能選出最佳答案。
【例】I was lucky to realize that it is a waste of energy to focus on what you have 24 , and that the key to happiness is to take pleasure in what you have.
(2012年 鹽城卷)
24. A. struggled B. supported C. lost D. completed
【簡析】該題的四個選項分別是“斗爭”,“支持”,“失去”及“完成”,與“focus on what you have”都能夠形成搭配,文中此句的意思是“我很幸運地認識到把注意力放在失去的東西上是一種精力的浪費”, 通過比較四個選項的意思以及前文所要表達的意思,可以確定答案C正確。
3.排除法
對于一時難以確定的答案,可以按空格的位置,從上下文的文意、習慣用法、詞義辨析等方面,對選項逐個分析試填,此時“瞻前顧后”是有必要的,即先讀所填句,回顧上一句,兼顧下一句。如果一句中有兩處空格,要“雙管齊下”,在兩處同時試填,然后再通讀全句或全文,確定答案。
【例】When it was clear that she would 28 come back to herself(蘇醒), her parents donated her organs (器官) to other children. (2012年 泰州卷)
28. A. ever B. hardly C. seldom D. never
【簡析】此句主句在從句后,意為“她的父母把她的器官捐贈給其他孩子”,由此可以推斷“她永遠不會蘇醒過來”。在明白此句句意的基礎上,可以排除選項A、B、C,答案為D,never。
四、復讀全文,逐空驗證,彌補疏漏
1.檢查上下文的一致性,即時態,語態的一致,代詞,名詞,單復數的一致。
2.檢查表達法的習慣性,即習慣用語,固定搭配,句型詞組是否符合表達。
3.檢查上下文的連貫性,即邏輯性。憑借語感,按照上下文,檢查段落與段落,句子與句子的銜接與連貫。這是檢查中至關重要的一環,往往能糾正一處或多處錯誤。
總之,只有通過平時多讀多練,不斷拓寬知識面,進一步了解英美風土人情等有關文化背景知識,熟練掌握英語習慣用語的表達等,才能為提高完形填空的做題正確率提供保障。
【模擬練習】
A reader wrote in to say that she was feeling lonely at break because her best friend wasn’t around. Here’s our advice to her—and to all kids who feel 1 sometimes.
It’s hard when a best friend isn’t 2 —maybe because she moved to a different school or a different class. You may feel lonely at 3 or lunchtime. You want to have new friends.But how do you 4 them? Maybe it seems like everybody 5 already has their friends. But remember, there’s always room for more friends.
Start by 6 around your classroom—think about which kids you’d like to play 7 at break. Look for chances to say hi to them,smile,and be friendly. Offer to 8 something or express your appreciation(欣賞)to 9 . Invite someone to play with you or say “Do you want to 10 here?” in the lunchroom. When you’re at break,walk over to kids 11 you want to play with, act friendly, and say “Hi, can l play, too?” or just 12 in.
If you have trouble doing this or if you’re feeling 13 , ask your teacher to help you make new friends. Teachers are usually pretty good at matching up friends. The best way to make friends is to be a friend. Be kind, be friendly, share, say nice things, offer to help—and pretty soon, you’ll have one,or two,
or even 14 new friends.
You might still miss that special best friend. But when you see each other, you can share something you didn’t have 15 she left: You can introduce her to your new friends!
( )1.A. friendlyB. lonelyC. livelyD. lovely
( )2.A. aroundB. safeC. luckyD. kind
( )3.A. homeB. noonC. breakD. once
( )4.A. meetB. knowC. sayD. make
( )5.A. otherB. elseC. allD. each
( )6.A. seeingB. watchingC. readingD. looking
( )7.A. withB. toC. aboutD. in
( )8.A. useB. buyC. shareD. sell
( )9.A. himB. themC. youD. her
( )10.A. standB. openC. waitD. sit
( )11.A. whoB. whichC. whatD. where
( )12.A. takeB. putC. joinD. come
( )13.A. sadB. happyC. blueD. shy
( )14.A. fewerB. moreC. betterD. closer
( )15.A. afterB. whenC. beforeD. until
參考答案:1—5 B A C D B 6—10 D A C B D 11—15 A C D B C