【摘 要】 在高中英語學(xué)習(xí)階段,常常出現(xiàn)疑問詞與動詞連用的情況,這既是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)中的易錯點,也是各類考試的常考點,該文從常見的不同句型和解題關(guān)鍵點進(jìn)行分析,并對一些特點進(jìn)行歸納和總結(jié),幫助學(xué)生形成該方面的解題技能。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 疑問詞 動詞 連用
1. 疑問詞+不定式(why除外)
當(dāng)疑問詞與動詞連用(why除外)在句子中作主語、賓語、表語和同位語時,相當(dāng)于一個名詞,動詞采用不定式形式。
1.1作主語
Who to turn to is what she wants to know. 向誰求助是她所想知道的。
When to set off hasn’t been decided. 何時出發(fā)還沒定下來。(when意“何時”,詞性為連接副詞,和不定式一起做主語、賓語、表語或同位語。)
1.2作賓語
I’m not sure of whether to attend the seminar next week. 我不確定下周是否參加那次研討會。
Life is long if you know how to use it. 如果善于利用就等于生命延長。
1.3作表語
當(dāng)疑問詞+不定式作表語時,其主語常常是what從句或problem/trouble/difficulty等。
What I want to know is how to get there. 我所想知道的是怎樣去那里。
The problem is which hotel to choose. 問題是選擇哪家賓館。
1.4作同位語
The problem how to collect enough money made us restless. 如何募捐到足夠的錢的問題讓我們焦躁不安。
The trouble whether to be admitted to the company worried me a lot. 是否被那家公司錄取一直讓我擔(dān)憂。
2. 從屬連詞when+分詞
(注:這里when在形式上與上文中的 when一樣,但詞性、詞義和功能都不相同。這里when為從屬連詞,意“當(dāng)……時/……的時候”,和分詞或分詞短語一起做狀語)
當(dāng)從屬連詞when和動詞一起作狀語時,動詞采用分詞形式。
2.1 從屬連詞when+現(xiàn)在分詞
當(dāng)句子的主語是分詞的邏輯主語,即句子的主語是分詞動作的發(fā)出者,該動詞就用現(xiàn)在分詞。
I met her when travelling last winter. 我在去年冬天旅行時認(rèn)識了她。
The student looked quite nervous when speaking to a girl. 和女同學(xué)講話時那個男同學(xué)顯得十分緊張。
2.2從屬連詞when+過去分詞
當(dāng)句子的主語是分詞動作的承受者,該動詞就用過去分詞。
Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled. 金屬熱脹冷縮。
When told he had won the lottery, he couldn’t believe his ears. 當(dāng)被告知彩票中獎,他簡直不敢相信。
2.3疑問詞 + 分詞形容詞 表示主語所處的狀態(tài)
When tired, he stopped to listen to a piece of light music. 累的時候,他停下來聽一段輕音樂。
3. 交際情景中
3.1 —Why does Mrs.White ask Tom to have two eggs and a glass of milk every morning?
— him healthy.
A. Making B. Make
C. To make D. Made
解析:當(dāng)why問句表示目的時,回答時用不定式。簡言之:why問句表目的,不定式回答。
3.2 —Why did the boss fly into temper?
— some mistakes in the contract.
A. Tom’s making B. Tom made
C. Tom making D.Tom to make
解析:當(dāng)why問句表示原因時,且為雙方兩事,回答時用獨立主格或從句;A是動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),不能作狀語,B為陳述句,缺少從屬連詞because,也不能作狀語,D是不定式作后置定語,也不正確;C為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),可以作狀語,所以正確。簡言之:why問句表原因,且為雙方兩事,獨立主格或從句回答。
3.3 —Why didn’t you come to the meeting last Sunday?
— informed.
A. Not get B. I didn’t get
C. Not getting D. Not to get
解析:當(dāng)why問句表示原因時,且為雙方一事,回答時用分詞或從句;故選C。
3.4 —How can I get to the station?
— No.1 Bus.
A. Taking B. Take
C. To take D. Taken
解析:how問句表方式,故回答時用動詞原形。簡言之:how問句,祈使句回答。
3.5 —What made Bill so angry?
— . His girlfriend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasn’t come yet.
A. Having kept waitingB. Being kept waiting
C. To be kept waiting D. Being kept waited
解析:what引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,并且what在句中作主語,強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容,故回答時應(yīng)用動名詞形式;并且Bill是動詞keep動作的承受者,wait動作一直在延續(xù),所以選B項。簡言之:what(作主語)問句,且為一方一事,動名詞回答。
3.6 —What should we do with the message?
— the main idea of each paragraph.
A. Find out B. To find out
C. Found out D. Finding out
解析:what引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,并且what在句中作do的賓語,回答時不是what的內(nèi)容,而是對do what的回答,故選A項。簡言之:what問句且what作謂語動詞的的賓語,祈使句回答。
3.7 —What made Mr.Smith lose his temper?
— .
A. Tom talking back B. Tom talked back
C. Tom’s talking back
D. Because Tom talked back
解析:選C。當(dāng)what在特殊疑問句中作主語,其答語中的動詞又含有自身的邏輯主語時,用動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或That+陳述句。A和D作狀語,B項中缺少標(biāo)志詞that。簡言之:what(作主語)問句,且為雙方兩事,動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)回答。
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[2] 教育部. 義務(wù)教育英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[M]. 北京:人民教育出版社, 2007.