Inversion教學設計與反思

【摘 要】 本設計運用三維語法教學模式，引導學生認識倒裝句的形式、 意義和用法，培養學生綜合運用英語的能力，提倡學以致用，在表達中加強語法意識，強調語言形式的表意功能和運用。課后反思對改進今后的教學有著重要的指導意義。

【關鍵詞】 教材依據 設計原則 教學目標 教學策略 教學步驟 課后反思

1. 教材依據

普通高中課程標準試驗教課書Module 5 Unit 4的語法以呈現——發現——歸納——實踐——活用的模式引導學生認知倒裝句的形式，意義和用法。設計了結構認知性練習、控制和指導性練習、及交流性練習等具有層次性的實踐活動。

2. 任務設計原則

高中英語新課程總目標是培養學生綜合運用英語的能力，提倡學以致用，在表達中加強語法意識，強調語言形式的表意功能和運用。該語法教學將遵循呈現——發現——歸納——實踐——活用的模式引導學生認知倒裝句的形式、意義和用法，培養學生運用語言的能力。

3. 教學目標

通過本節課的學習讓學生達到以下4個目標：

3.1語言知識目標：

3.1.1學生能在一定的語境中認識倒裝句；

3.1.2學生能夠掌握倒裝句的功能。

3.2語言技能目標：

3.2.1引導學生形成發現和歸納倒裝句的結構形式和功能的能力；

3.2.2培養學生在句子和篇章中正確運用倒裝句的能力。

3.3情感目標：

在教學活動中以學生為主體，合理使用多媒體，充分利用雙人或小組活動的形式營造出民主平等的氛圍，調動學生極地參與教學活動。

3.4學習策略目標：

幫助學生通過觀察，體驗，探究等積極主動的學習方法理解和掌握學習內容。

4. 教學策略

在教學活動中合理使用多媒體，采用任務型教學法，歸納法來完成教學任務，達到教學目標。

5. 教學步驟：Teaching procedures

Step 1 Lead in

Show students a flash of a running car and shout “Watch out！Here comes a car！”， then ask “Have you ever seen this kind of car in person？”. Then to those who say “No”， response “Never have I seen this kind of car.”（present the two sentences on the screen）

Step 2 Form of inversion

Task 1. Get students to analyse the structure of the sentences and pay attention to inversion of the subject and verb. Then identify full inversion and partial inversion.

Watch out！Here comes a car！ （full inversion）

adv v s

Never have I seen this kind of car. （partial inversion）

s v o

Step 3 Rules of partial inversion

Task 2. Get students to work in groups of four and find out the sentences in Reading with partial inversion. Then give more examples for students to generalize the rules of partial inversion.

1. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.

Seldom have I heard from her recently. （Ask students to rewrite the inverted sentences using normal word order and generalize this rule of inversion）

Rule1 表示否定意義的副詞或起副詞作用的短語置于句首，例如seldom， hardly， scarely， little， rarely， not， never， by no means， at no time， under no circumstances等，句子用部分倒裝。

2. Not only am I interested in photography， but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.

Rule 2 Not only ... but also引導兩個并列分句時，前一個分句用倒裝，而后一個分句不用倒裝。

3. Only if you ask many questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.

You will achieve your dream only in this way. （Get students to rewrite this sentence using inverted order）

Rule 3 only 修飾的狀語（即副詞，起副詞作用的介詞短語及狀語從句等）置于句首時，句子要用部分倒裝。

4. He was so seriously injured in the accident that he was sent to hospital at once.

= So seriously was he injured in the accident that he was sent to hospital at once.

He is such a famous man that everyone wants to take a photo with him. = Such a famous man is he that everyone wants to take a photo with him.

Rule 4 So / such ... that ... 結構中，若將 so /such + 所修飾部分置于句首，主句用部分倒裝，而從句不倒裝。

5. Get students to choose the best answers.

—Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother？

—I don’t know， _______.

A. nor don’t I care B. nor do I care

C. I don’t care neitherD. I don’t care also

If he attends the meeting tomorrow， _______.

A. so do I B. so will I

C. nor do I D. nor will I

Rule 5 So neither， nor放在句首，表示前面說話的情況也適用于另一個人或物，既“……也（也不）這樣/如此”，句子要用部分倒裝。結構為：so + 助動詞 / 情態動詞 / 系動詞 + 主語； neither / nor + 助動詞 / 情態動詞/系動詞 + 主語。

Step 4 Using partial inversion

Task 3 Rewrite the following sentences beginning with the words or phrases underlined.

1. You will see so many seats only at a stadium in Beijing.

2. She is not only good at languages， but also at history and geography.

Rewrite the inverted sentences using normal word order.

1. Only then did I begin my work on designing a new bridge.

2. Not only was there a Christmas tree， but also exciting presents under it.

Step 5 Full inversion

Task 4 Get students to learn the sentences and find out the uses of full inversion.

1. Here comes the bus. There goes the bell.

Now comes our turn. Then followed a shot of gun.

There she comes. Here are you. ×

There comes she. × Here you are.

Rule 1 以here， there， now， then， thus等地點或時間副詞開頭的句子，謂語動詞是be， come， go， remain， lie， run等，而主語又是名詞時，用完全倒裝。

2. In came Mr. White.

Up went the arrow into the air.

Away went the boy.

Ahead sat an old woman.

Rule 2 表示運動方向的副詞out， in， up， down，away等置于句首，謂語等表示運動的動詞時，句子用完全倒裝。

3. At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. East of the lake lie two towns.

Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.

Rule 3 表示地點的介詞短語置于句首進行強調時，使用完全倒裝。謂語動詞常為lie， stand， sit， be， live等不及物動詞。

Step 5 Using full inversion

Task 5 Show students two pictures and ask them to describe the pictures using full inversion.

Step 6 Using inversion

Task 6 Listen to a nursary song Incy Wincy Spider.Underline the inversion and explain why inversion is used here.

Task 7 Do Ex 3 on Page 29.

Step 7 Assignment

Mak up a story according to the given situation using as many inversions as possible.

Situation： There came a loud series of knocks on the door. So I opened it. In the doorway stood a small boy and his father. In front of them was a broden bicycle lying on the ground. “Here’s my son’s bike，” explained the man ...

設計思路：

利用課本部分提供的語法學習內容，指導學生用用探究的途徑學習新的語法知識，引導學生發現和歸納倒裝句的規則，并培養學生在句子和篇章中運用倒裝句的能力。

6. 課后反思

6.1教學的成功之處

本節課是語法課，教學設計充分考慮到學生的認知特點，始終以學生作為學習的主體，幫助他們觀察語言現象，發現內在規律，運用所學知識完成各項任務，其中既有個體的獨立學習過程，也有合作學習的過程。

設計任務遵循由易到難的規律，保證每個學生都有能力參與任務的完成。語法點的形式，意義及運用均有兼顧，達到了預期目標。

6.2教學的不足之處

為了完成教學任務，留給學生觀察，探究和發現歸納的時間不夠，致使部分任務完成的不夠完整；課堂提問中應該照顧到每個學生，讓每個學生都參與到各項任務的完成。

6.3最深的感受

在語法教學中盡可能多的為學生創造觀察、探究、合作、討論、發現、歸納等的時間和空間，重視在運用中學習語法，爭取在輕松愉快的氛圍中達到學習的目的。

[1] 教育部. 義務教育英語課程標準[M]. 北京：人民教育出版社， 2007.

[2] 李華. 高中英語教學設計與反思[M]. 長春：東北師范大學出版社， 2007.