張志穎,茍立丹,白端元,周成城,肖洪亮
(1.長(zhǎng)春理工大學(xué)理學(xué)院,長(zhǎng)春130022;
2.長(zhǎng)春理工大學(xué)電子信息工程學(xué)院,長(zhǎng)春130022)
利用Yang-Baxter方程可研究量子可積問題.當(dāng)其解為有理解時(shí),它是無周期的,對(duì)應(yīng)于Yangian代數(shù)[1-5].Yangian代數(shù)是Hopf代數(shù)的一種變形,是比Lie代數(shù)更大的無窮維代數(shù),是李代數(shù)的子代數(shù),其物理基礎(chǔ)為量子可積的統(tǒng)計(jì)模型[6-12].Yangian代數(shù)本質(zhì)是無窮維代數(shù),由有限個(gè)生成元I和J以如下方式生成:

其中:I為總角動(dòng)量,遵循Lie代數(shù)sl(2)對(duì)易關(guān)系;J(J+,J-,J3)為張量;a和b為任意參數(shù).集合{I,J}形成關(guān)于sl(2)的Yangian代數(shù),記為Ysl(2).Ysl(2)遵從如下獨(dú)立對(duì)易關(guān)系:


文獻(xiàn)[13-21]給出了Yangian代數(shù)的物理意義及應(yīng)用,如運(yùn)用Yangian代數(shù)分析可積模型的對(duì)稱性及利用Yangian算子作為升降算子實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)本征態(tài)間的躍遷.本文利用Yangian算子,構(gòu)造出新的算符,該算符可描述不同量子態(tài)間的躍遷,將其作用于系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)并的本征態(tài)上,可實(shí)現(xiàn)能級(jí)劈裂,從而達(dá)到解除簡(jiǎn)并態(tài)的目的.
在濃87Rb蒸汽實(shí)驗(yàn)中,有少量成分形成Rb2,其外層電子形成自旋衰減形式(spin-dimmer),當(dāng)外加恒磁場(chǎng)為特定值時(shí),Zeeman效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的譜分裂消失.該Hamilton系統(tǒng)可表示為

式(2)當(dāng)x=±1時(shí)出現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)并,H存在2K+1個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)同一個(gè)本征值的本征函數(shù),即系統(tǒng)為2K+1重簡(jiǎn)并[22-23].
將Hamilton量寫成一般形式:

其中:L1為軌道角動(dòng)量;L2為自旋角動(dòng)量.于是,可定義本征態(tài)為


其中 m=j1+1,j1-1,…,-j1,其簡(jiǎn)并度為2j1+1.
當(dāng)λ'=λ-時(shí),波函數(shù)為

其中 m=j1,j1-1,…,-(j1+1),其簡(jiǎn)并度為2j1+1.
引入由Yangian生成元組成的算符H1=J+J-和H2=J-J+.其中


時(shí),整個(gè)體系的Hamilton量變?yōu)镠=H0+H1和H=H0+H2.




2×式(8)-式(7)-式(9)可得

將m和j1的數(shù)值代入式(10),并由計(jì)算機(jī)軟件計(jì)算可得 u1,u2,R的解.當(dāng) j1=1,2,3時(shí),u1,u2,R和u1-u2的值列于表1.



2×式(12)-式(11)-式(13)可得

當(dāng) j1=1,2,3 時(shí),u1,u2,R 和 u1-u2的值列于表2.

表1 對(duì) H1=J+J-,當(dāng) λ'=λ+時(shí),u1,u2,R 和 u1-u2的值Table 1 Values of u1,u2,R,u1-u2with H1=J+J-and λ'=λ+





2×式(17)-式(16)-式(18)可得

當(dāng) j1=1,2,3 時(shí),u1,u2,R'和 u1-u2的值列于表3.

表2 對(duì) H1=J+J-,當(dāng) λ'=λ-時(shí),u1,u2,R 和 u1-u2的值Table 2 Values of u1,u2,R,u1-u2with H1=J+J-and λ'=λ-

表3 對(duì) H2=J-J+,當(dāng) λ'=λ+時(shí),u1,u2,R'和 u1-u2的值Table 3 Values of u1,u2,R',u1-u2with H2=J-J+and λ'=λ+


2×式(21)-式(20)-式(22)可得

當(dāng) j1=1,2,3 時(shí),u1,u2,R'和 u1-u2的值列于表4.

表4 對(duì) H2=J-J+,當(dāng) λ'=λ-時(shí),u1,u2,R'和 u1-u2的值Table 4 Values of u1,u2,R',u1-u2with H2=J-J+and λ'=λ-
綜上所述,本文以Rb金屬原子為模型,通過分析可知,H0=-gL1·L2+λL32的本征態(tài)為2j1+1重簡(jiǎn)并.為使簡(jiǎn)并的能級(jí)發(fā)生劈裂,引入了Yangian代數(shù),由Yangian生成元構(gòu)造了新算符H1=J+J-和H2=J-J+,使其作用于上述模型簡(jiǎn)并的本征態(tài)上,為保證H0的本征態(tài)仍為H1和H2的本征態(tài),可得u1,u2,R和R'的限制條件,從而達(dá)到消除簡(jiǎn)并的目的.
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