創新教學方法 提升學科素養

《英語課程標準（實驗稿）》提高了對詞匯學習的要求。顯性方面表現為詞匯數量的增加，對要求會用的詞匯數量從1200增加到了4500；隱性方面表現對詞匯學習能力的較高要求，即要求學生具備較強的可持續發展的詞匯學習能力，為進一步學習和發展創造必要的條件。

新課程目標把培養學習者運用英語進行交際的能力作為英語教學的根本目的，并把這種觀念體現在教學大綱、教材、課堂教學和考試之中。為此，活用詞法是英語之基，完形之根，閱讀之本，寫作之魂。

詞匯學習“學一會四”，重視基礎知識，提升運用語言能力之基礎

1.實詞活用“學一會四”，探究詞綴變化的規律性，重視學習歸納

詞綴活用就是在英語考綱中所要求的單詞上加上前綴或后綴，進行詞類轉換。學習者應具備基本的構詞知識，熟練掌握常見的前綴、后綴的含義，并有意識地積累、記憶。如：1）vi./vt.relax 2）adj.relaxant/relaxative/relaxed/unre

laxed/relaxing/unrelaxing 3）n.relaxation/relaxinrelaxor 4）adv.relaxantly/relaxatively/relaxed/unrelaxedly/relax-

ingly/unrelaxingly

2.詞法活用“學一會四”， 探究詞性變化的準確性，重視學習探究

《大綱》對詞匯學習要求能在上下文中理解詞匯表中的詞性、詞義的關系，即英語詞匯教學不僅限于課本上的詞匯表及其呈現的詞性和中文。要使學生真正準確、得體地使用某個單詞，就必須盡可能呈現詞法的多種形式，嘗試在不同環境中準確獲取信息，靈活運用詞法。如“up”用法如下：

1）adv. 起來；上漲；向上

2）prep. 在…之上；向…的較高處

3）adj. 漲的；起床的；向上的

4）vt.增加；加速

學習詞性和詞語搭配時，學習者需要經歷一個“求同辨異”的漫長過程，進行語義辨析，探求其異同之處。求同辨異能力的提升，可以不斷提高其閱讀水平。

3.句法活用“學一會四”，提高語言水平，重視多元句式

詞法學習把握的最高境界就是活用不同句式進行多元表達，體現語言水平之美、句群邏輯之美。如復合句和倒裝句多元句式表達：

1）It is so apparent that cocks can’t teach ducks how to swim at all. （從句）

2）So apparent is it that cocks are unable to teach ducks...（So半倒裝句式）

3）By no means is it obvious that cocks are able to teach ducks... （By no means半倒裝句式）

4）Never are cocks able to teach ducks how to swim， which is obvious to all. （never半倒裝句式）

重視句式學法積累是詞匯活用的重要基礎。有效組織語言取決于對知識的累積與儲備。學習者善用詞法，巧用句式，可以更清晰地表達自己和精彩的概念。

辨詞識句“會一通四”，重視運用過程，強化完形填空之根本

詞法活用“會一通四”，提高準確理解完型填空的邏輯推理能力。

準確選詞在完型填空中起到關鍵作用，能夠準確把握文章主旨大意，正確選擇詞義，寫作時使文章更加生動。如：

On the road of life， the help of strangers can ____ our loads， and lift our spirits. How much sweeter the ____ will be when we make it a little smoother for others. 答案是Lighten和Journey，主要是依據On the road of life和選項On the road of life...與our loads， and lift our spirits 和sweeter的邏輯關系得出答案。

準確用詞可表達不同的功能、意圖和態度等，體現教高的語言水平，還可正確理解描述比較復雜的事物、行為和特征、說明概念等，可以看出作者的情感變化、句與句的邏輯關系。

文本理解“通一精四”，重視詞義多解規律探究，提高閱讀理解之本質

詞法活用“通一精四”，提高閱讀文章信息表達和主旨的能力。

閱讀文段，可以為學生提供識別優秀措辭的大量機會，尤其是文章中使用精當而富有色彩的語言及描繪出生動的畫面，有利于理解文章信息。如：

The most common worry is burglary （ 入室盜竊） ， with four out of 10 worrying about their homes being broken into while they’re abroad. More than a quarter fear they will feel crazy with some other noisy and rough holiday-makers and 22 percent worry they may be attacked or their possessions will be missing. One in five think the car may break down；and the same number worry about the chances of bad weather.

The third most common worry of American holiday-makers is that they may ____.

A. be attacked or lose their possessions

B. have problems with their cars on the road

C. have bad weather on holiday

D.get mixed with some rough fellow holiday-makers

解析：該題選D。主要通過準確辨別four out of 10、More than a quarter、22 percent、One in five的精確信息。

文本運用“精一用四”，重視語言文化內涵，完善寫作之靈魂

詞法活用“精一用四”，提高句式功能的意義。

用是指熟練準確地在口頭和書面語中使用詞匯。擴展詞匯表達的范圍，形成精彩的語言可以調動學生的學習動力和正確使用語言的積極性。

2012年高考北京卷情景作文滿分卷：

This morning， I was jogging along the road near my neighborhood when I came across a foreign couple with a city map in their hand. Confusion was clear on their faces an6NEYebIxcO08YmlpfzO7lveyq9qwS3wV84owMXCb7Yk=d immediately it downed on me that they must have been lost.

Without hesitation， I walked to them and offered to help. Thankfully， my English was fluent enough to make myself understood They smiled in relief and said they wanted to visit the Heaven Temple but failed to locate it in the map. Quickly， I pointed out the map and showed the direction as well. Worried by the thought that they might be again lost on their way， I walked them to a nearby bus stop so that they could arrive there without trouble. After a while， the bus No 20 pulled up at the stop which would took them to the Heaven Temple. Upon leaving， the couple thanked me warmly again， expressing the appreciation for my kind help.

Seeing the No 20 Bus disappearing into the distance， a sense of delight filled my heart. It made me so happy and proud to offer others in need a helping hand，and in this case I was also able to show foreigners how friendly the city of Beijing was！ （專家點評：用詞恰當，內容豐富，語言與句式豐富。）

總之，詞匯是語言的建筑基石。英語詞匯學習是個系統工程，在英語詞、句、段、文中活用詞法，不僅可以提升英語語言水平，更能提升學科素養?！?/p>

□ 編輯 吳君