中國式“玩法”

“黑飛”指的是沒有得到民航部門批準，就直接駕駛飛機上天。這種現象在中國私人航空界很普遍，雖然這是違規的，但一位直升機玩家將通過自己的經歷告訴你，“黑飛族”也有自己的苦惱與無奈。

\"Black flying\" refers to illegal flights that are not permitted by civil aviation authorities. Chinese fliers are often found making black flights， but few know about their frustrations. At the invitation of U-Jet， Mr. Li shares his story.

突如其來的警車

隨著發動機轟鳴聲的消失，李恒（化名）把車停在了機庫門的旁邊。下車后他并沒徑直走進家門，而是走向他那架施瓦澤300C直升機旁邊。他伸出食指，蹭了蹭飛機表面的灰塵，一條鮮明的印線立馬顯現。嗯，是有太久沒飛了。

在購買這架直升機之前，李恒還經常駕駛法拉利或悍馬出去兜兜風，但自從有了直升機，駕駛汽車的快感幾乎就消失了。雖然都是機械，直升機操控桿和汽車方向盤卻有著天淵之別。直升機可以在天空上下前后左右變換位置，這種速度的空間感、立體感遠非汽車可以比擬。現在他就開著一輛奧迪作為工作、生活中的代步工具。

“要不再偷偷飛一次？”李恒心癢難耐。飛還是不飛，這可是有風險的。就在幾個月前的一個下午，十多輛警車響著警笛突如其來，把他的家圍了個水泄不通，這個情景他終于在好萊塢大片以外的地方見到了。當時李恒的第一反應是：自己卷入了國安事件；第二反應則是：“黑飛”被人舉報了。

“我作為一名商人，遵紀守法、不賄賂、不偷稅漏稅，更沒殺人放火。沒任何征兆下警察封鎖了我的家，除了‘黑飛’被舉報，不會有其他原因?！币驗橐恍╋w友在“黑飛”時曾被舉報過，警察也是這樣毫無征兆地出現在他家門口，所以李恒很快反應過來是怎么回事。

剛買了直升機那會兒，李恒一旦想過飛行的癮，都是不經上報主管部門，便駕駛飛機在自己家附近繞一圈，這種行為在飛行圈里就被叫做“黑飛”（我們國家所有飛機上天，都要經過申報、審批）。因為李恒家在郊區，監管比較松，所以他時不時會架著直升機在天上溜達溜達。但不敢飛遠，一旦被盯上就是大麻煩，輕則罰錢，嚴重時直接扣飛機。

好在飛友曾和李恒分享過應付警察的竅門，所以被十幾輛警車包圍著，他也毫不恐懼。他當天確實沒有駕機飛行，捉賊捉贓，警察沒有證據，根本不能拿他怎么樣。既不能罰款，更無權扣押直升機。但李恒還是擺出一種很無辜但積極配合的態度，主動帶警察去機庫看飛機，還建議如果有人也喜歡飛行，他向有關部門申報一下，帶他找個機會一起飛一圈。最終，十幾輛警車就這樣無功而返了。

至于那次警察為什么會來，或者究竟是誰舉報的，李恒最后也沒查出來。他只能猜測，應該不是飛行圈的人出賣自己，有可能是生意上的競爭對手搞的鬼。

“黑戶口”的苦衷

李恒回憶，那次瞅見來的是一群警察，他真是松了一口氣。也正是因為來的是警察，他才判斷出賣他的并非圈內人。和許多直升機擁有者一樣，他的飛機并沒有在民航局備注，直接就放在家里的機庫里了。說白了，這架飛機就是個“黑戶口”。如果包圍他家的是民航局的人，他可就抓瞎了?！拔覀儑业拿裼弥鄙龣C還不普及，公安部門通常都只是從治安、反恐等角度去管理，并不管飛機的‘戶口’問題。所以我們這些‘黑戶’并不用東躲西藏?！?/p>

之所以甘當“黑戶口”，李恒也有他的苦衷。按照國家的規定，私人直升機必須注冊，然后交由專業托管公司托管。飛機要停在它們的機場、享受它們提供的保養維護服務。李恒并非舍不得那點托管費，而是他家附近根本沒有托管機構。如果要托管，直升機只能停在很遠的機場。想玩飛機了，必須開五六個小時的車過去，還要拿到民航局的申報批準對方才讓你飛?！斑@樣一來，買一架私人直升機和租直升機根本就沒什么區別。”

正因如此，像李恒這樣的玩家機主寧可做“黑戶口”，也不愿把飛機送去托管。但是這樣一來，飛機平時的保養和維修都很不方便，各種相關的托管服務他都享受不到。這就是中國直升機飛行愛好者兩難的境地。李恒總是想，干脆最后痛快地飛一次就把直升機賣了，然后去國外買一架玩個夠。

風險與誘惑

飛還是不飛？是徘徊在李恒內心最多的一個問題。每一次他不知不覺走到直升機跟前，看著這架空氣動力學的“藝術品”，總要猶豫半天。自從上次警察事件之后，他已經有幾個月沒飛了，“要不冒一次險飛一次？”內心斗爭了好一陣，他決定再次“鋌而走險”。不管怎樣，這總比飛機停在屋里當擺設強。

這次飛行，李恒選擇了飛往距他家80多公里（公路距離）的農村老家?！澳嵌螘r間因為公司太忙，很久也沒有回老家看望父母。老家的父老鄉親也都知道我買了一架直升機，但誰也沒有見過。我就想，干脆駕駛直升機回趟老家，看看父母，也讓老家的人開開眼界?！?/p>

做完飛行前準備，李恒啟動引擎。輕便、小巧的施瓦澤300C搖搖晃晃從他的家庭停機坪升起來。從他家到父母家，原本1個半小時車程的距離，他用了近20分鐘的時間就飛到了。“我刻意飛得很慢、很低，飛行高度不到500米，速度不到50公里/小時。這完全是一次目視飛行，唯一的導航設備就是IPAD上安裝的飛行導航軟件?！毖赝局兴M情欣賞著腳下的風景和行人，也能清楚地看到腳下的人駐足仰望他。

到了村子里，李恒把直升機停在了家門前的空地上。為了目睹一下傳說中李恒買的飛機，聞詢趕來的父老鄉親圍了好幾層。“我到了父母家，但沒有待太長的時間就離開了。因為父母認為我駕駛著直升機回老家太出風頭了，影響不好，讓我趕緊飛回去。” 而李恒自己也不敢待太久，畢竟是“黑飛”，如果回家后發現又有十幾輛警察正等著自己，那才叫“人贓俱獲”。

TIPS：飛行一次不容易

在中國，私人直升機的合法飛行必須滿足3個條件：首先直升機必須獲得民航局的適航認證，其次飛機必須交由通航企業進行托管，最后駕駛員必須考取飛行執照。滿足這3個條件之后，每次飛行前必須向民航空管部門申報飛行計劃，不論飛行時間長短，只要一起一落就需要近萬元的申請費用。

Unexpected Police Raid

Mr. Li stops the engine of his car and walkes to the hangar. A thick layer of dust on his S-300C reminds him that it has been a long time since his last flight.

Li used to take a ride on a Ferrai or Hummer， but since he bought a helicopter， cars could no longer give him the thrill. Even though he could not fly often on helicopters， he keeps only one Audi to drive.

“Should I conduct a rule-breaking flying again？” Li is hesitant. He still recalls how months ago his house was surrounded by a dozen of police cars just as in a classic scene of a Hollywood movie. His first impression was he was involved in an issue affecting national security.

But soon he realized it was about his black flights. “I am a business man， and I break no laws. There is no other reason but that my black flight was tipped off.”

Because Li lives in the suburbs where regulation is not so restricted， he often makes flights without reporting to the regulator. He dared not fly far， because once caught， he would be hugely fined or worse， have the copter confiscated.

With experiences shared by flier friends， he behaved innocent and cooperative， he even brought the police to his hangar and offered a ride， of course， with approval from related regulators.

He never knew who tipped him off， but according to him， it must not be other fliers， probably business competitors.

Black Fliers’ Frustrations

Li was actually relieved to see the police. As his helicopter is not registered at CAAC， it would be worse if they were civil aviation officials. “As civil helicopters are not widely used in China， the police only manages it from a social security or anti-terrorism perspective， they don’t care about registration， and black owners like us don’t need hide and run.”

Li does not want to be a black owner either. But according to regulations， private helicopters have to be registered， managed by professional operators， and parked at airports for maintenance and repair. It is not the cost that scares him off， but because the nearest airport is too far away， which means he will have to drive 5 to 6 hours to the nearest airport and fly only when he gets an approval from civil aviation regulator. “What difference does it make between owning a helicopter and hiring one？”

Because of this， owners like Li would rather stay “black” than sending their helicopter to an operator， although they would have trouble getting maintenance and repair services. Li keeps thinking of selling his helicopter after a last flight， and enjoying the fun of flying by buying one in a foreign country.

Risk and Temptation

To fly or not to fly， it is a question battled most in his mind. It has been months since the last raid， and he decides to make the move. After all， it is better than grounded.

He decided to fly to his home 50 km away by a helicopter. “It has been a while since my last visit to my parents. Friends and relatives in my village know of my helicopter but never get to see it. So I decided to fly it home to visit my parents and to show it to my homies.”

The 1 and a half ground journey takes him only 20 minutes by helicopter. “I kept it low and slow， less than 50km/h below 500 meters. It is all visual， the only navigation I have is an app on my Ipad.” He enjoyed the view on his flight home， and he could see people stop to look at him from on the ground.

He landed it in front of his house. Soon it attracted a large crowd. “I did not stay long， because my parents thought it is not good to show off， and asked me to fly back.” He left soon afterwards， after all， he did not want to be caught red-handed on his black flight.

Black or White

Having obtained license for 2 years， “there is no difference between a ‘‘black flight’ and a ‘white flight’ in terms of flying.” The only difference is whether or not you have regulator approval. Fliers often liken it to walking on the street with or without clothes. The difference lies not in which one is safer， but that the former is legal and the latter is obscene and against law. It is usually difficult to get approval for non-scheduled flights. If you just want to enjoy the fun of flying， you might think better of it？

Li believes that most Chinese helicopter owns fly more or less without approval. Once caught the penalty ranges from a fine between 20，000 and 100，000RMB， to the confiscation of the aircraft. But for fliers who just want to feel the thrill of flying around home， black flights are less risky and more exciting.

Of the many fliers he knows， many have experiences like him. Some make black flights from Beijing to Fujian， others even organized a gathering. To many fliers， black flying is just an inconvenient truth.

突如其來的警車

隨著發動機轟鳴聲的消失，李恒（化名）把車停在了機庫門的旁邊。下車后他并沒徑直走進家門，而是走向他那架施瓦澤300C直升機旁邊。他伸出食指，蹭了蹭飛機表面的灰塵，一條鮮明的印線立馬顯現。嗯，是有太久沒飛了。

在購買這架直升機之前，李恒還經常駕駛法拉利或悍馬出去兜兜風，但自從有了直升機，駕駛汽車的快感幾乎就消失了。雖然都是機械，直升機操控桿和汽車方向盤卻有著天淵之別。直升機可以在天空上下前后左右變換位置，這種速度的空間感、立體感遠非汽車可以比擬?，F在他就開著一輛奧迪作為工作、生活中的代步工具。

“要不再偷偷飛一次？”李恒心癢難耐。飛還是不飛，這可是有風險的。就在幾個月前的一個下午，十多輛警車響著警笛突如其來，把他的家圍了個水泄不通，這個情景他終于在好萊塢大片以外的地方見到了。當時李恒的第一反應是：自己卷入了國安事件；第二反應則是：“黑飛”被人舉報了。

“我作為一名商人，遵紀守法、不賄賂、不偷稅漏稅，更沒殺人放火。沒任何征兆下警察封鎖了我的家，除了‘黑飛’被舉報，不會有其他原因。”因為一些飛友在“黑飛”時曾被舉報過，警察也是這樣毫無征兆地出現在他家門口，所以李恒很快反應過來是怎么回事。

剛買了直升機那會兒，李恒一旦想過飛行的癮，都是不經上報主管部門，便駕駛飛機在自己家附近繞一圈，這種行為在飛行圈里就被叫做“黑飛”（我們國家所有飛機上天，都要經過申報、審批）。因為李恒家在郊區，監管比較松，所以他時不時會架著直升機在天上溜達溜達。但不敢飛遠，一旦被盯上就是大麻煩，輕則罰錢，嚴重時直接扣飛機。

好在飛友曾和李恒分享過應付警察的竅門，所以被十幾輛警車包圍著，他也毫不恐懼。他當天確實沒有駕機飛行，捉賊捉贓，警察沒有證據，根本不能拿他怎么樣。既不能罰款，更無權扣押直升機。但李恒還是擺出一種很無辜但積極配合的態度，主動帶警察去機庫看飛機，還建議如果有人也喜歡飛行，他向有關部門申報一下，帶他找個機會一起飛一圈。最終，十幾輛警車就這樣無功而返了。

至于那次警察為什么會來，或者究竟是誰舉報的，李恒最后也沒查出來。他只能猜測，應該不是飛行圈的人出賣自己，有可能是生意上的競爭對手搞的鬼。

“黑戶口”的苦衷

李恒回憶，那次瞅見來的是一群警察，他真是松了一口氣。也正是因為來的是警察，他才判斷出賣他的并非圈內人。和許多直升機擁有者一樣，他的飛機并沒有在民航局備注，直接就放在家里的機庫里了。說白了，這架飛機就是個“黑戶口”。如果包圍他家的是民航局的人，他可就抓瞎了?！拔覀儑业拿裼弥鄙龣C還不普及，公安部門通常都只是從治安、反恐等角度去管理，并不管飛機的‘戶口’問題。所以我們這些‘黑戶’并不用東躲西藏。”

之所以甘當“黑戶口”，李恒也有他的苦衷。按照國家的規定，私人直升機必須注冊，然后交由專業托管公司托管。飛機要停在它們的機場、享受它們提供的保養維護服務。李恒并非舍不得那點托管費，而是他家附近根本沒有托管機構。如果要托管，直升機只能停在很遠的機場。想玩飛機了，必須開五六個小時的車過去，還要拿到民航局的申報批準對方才讓你飛。“這樣一來，買一架私人直升機和租直升機根本就沒什么區別。”

正因如此，像李恒這樣的玩家機主寧可做“黑戶口”，也不愿把飛機送去托管。但是這樣一來，飛機平時的保養和維修都很不方便，各種相關的托管服務他都享受不到。這就是中國直升機飛行愛好者兩難的境地。李恒總是想，干脆最后痛快地飛一次就把直升機賣了，然后去國外買一架玩個夠。

風險與誘惑

飛還是不飛？是徘徊在李恒內心最多的一個問題。每一次他不知不覺走到直升機跟前，看著這架空氣動力學的“藝術品”，總要猶豫半天。自從上次警察事件之后，他已經有幾個月沒飛了，“要不冒一次險飛一次？”內心斗爭了好一陣，他決定再次“鋌而走險”。不管怎樣，這總比飛機停在屋里當擺設強。

這次飛行，李恒選擇了飛往距他家80多公里（公路距離）的農村老家。“那段時間因為公司太忙，很久也沒有回老家看望父母。老家的父老鄉親也都知道我買了一架直升機，但誰也沒有見過。我就想，干脆駕駛直升機回趟老家，看看父母，也讓老家的人開開眼界?！?/p>

做完飛行前準備，李恒啟動引擎。輕便、小巧的施瓦澤300C搖搖晃晃從他的家庭停機坪升起來。從他家到父母家，原本1個半小時車程的距離，他用了近20分鐘的時間就飛到了?！拔铱桃怙w得很慢、很低，飛行高度不到500米，速度不到50公里/小時。這完全是一次目視飛行，唯一的導航設備就是IPAD上安裝的飛行導航軟件?！毖赝局兴M情欣賞著腳下的風景和行人，也能清楚地看到腳下的人駐足仰望他。

到了村子里，李恒把直升機停在了家門前的空地上。為了目睹一下傳說中李恒買的飛機，聞詢趕來的父老鄉親圍了好幾層?！拔业搅烁改讣?，但沒有待太長的時間就離開了。因為父母認為我駕駛著直升機回老家太出風頭了，影響不好，讓我趕緊飛回去?！?而李恒自己也不敢待太久，畢竟是“黑飛”，如果回家后發現又有十幾輛警察正等著自己，那才叫“人贓俱獲”。

Unexpected Police Raid

Mr. Li stops the engine of his car and walkes to the hangar. A thick layer of dust on his S-300C reminds him that it has been a long time since his last flight.

Li used to take a ride on a Ferrai or Hummer， but since he bought a helicopter， cars could no longer give him the thrill. Even though he could not fly often on helicopters， he keeps only one Audi to drive.

“Should I conduct a rule-breaking flying again？” Li is hesitant. He still recalls how months ago his house was surrounded by a dozen of police cars just as in a classic scene of a Hollywood movie. His first impression was he was involved in an issue affecting national security.

But soon he realized it was about his black flights. “I am a business man， and I break no laws. There is no other reason but that my black flight was tipped off.”

Because Li lives in the suburbs where regulation is not so restricted， he often makes flights without reporting to the regulator. He dared not fly far， because once caught， he would be hugely fined or worse， have the copter confiscated.

With experiences shared by flier friends， he behaved innocent and cooperative， he even brought the police to his hangar and offered a ride， of course， with approval from related regulators.

He never knew who tipped him off， but according to him， it must not be other fliers， probably business competitors.

Black Fliers’ Frustrations

Li was actually relieved to see the police. As his helicopter is not registered at CAAC， it would be worse if they were civil aviation officials. “As civil helicopters are not widely used in China， the police only manages it from a social security or anti-terrorism perspective， they don’t care about registration， and black owners like us don’t need hide and run.”

Li does not want to be a black owner either. But according to regulations， private helicopters have to be registered， managed by professional operators， and parked at airports for maintenance and repair. It is not the cost that scares him off， but because the nearest airport is too far away， which means he will have to drive 5 to 6 hours to the nearest airport and fly only when he gets an approval from civil aviation regulator. “What difference does it make between owning a helicopter and hiring one？”

Because of this， owners like Li would rather stay “black” than sending their helicopter to an operator， although they would have trouble getting maintenance and repair services. Li keeps thinking of selling his helicopter after a last flight， and enjoying the fun of flying by buying one in a foreign country.

Risk and Temptation

To fly or not to fly， it is a question battled most in his mind. It has been months since the last raid， and he decides to make the move. After all， it is better than grounded.

He decided to fly to his home 50 km away by a helicopter. “It has been a while since my last visit to my parents. Friends and relatives in my village know of my helicopter but never get to see it. So I decided to fly it home to visit my parents and to show it to my homies.”

The 1 and a half ground journey takes him only 20 minutes by helicopter. “I kept it low and slow， less than 50km/h below 500 meters. It is all visual， the only navigation I have is an app on my Ipad.” He enjoyed the view on his flight home， and he could see people stop to look at him from on the ground.

He landed it in front of his house. Soon it attracted a large crowd. “I did not stay long， because my parents thought it is not good to show off， and asked me to fly back.” He left soon afterwards， after all， he did not want to be caught red-handed on his black flight.

Black or White

Having obtained license for 2 years， “there is no difference between a ‘‘black flight’ and a ‘white flight’ in terms of flying.” The only difference is whether or not you have regulator approval. Fliers often liken it to walking on the street with or without clothes. The difference lies not in which one is safer， but that the former is legal and the latter is obscene and against law. It is usually difficult to get approval for non-scheduled flights. If you just want to enjoy the fun of flying， you might think better of it？

Li believes that most Chinese helicopter owns fly more or less without approval. Once caught the penalty ranges from a fine between 20，000 and 100，000RMB， to the confiscation of the aircraft. But for fliers who just want to feel the thrill of flying around home， black flights are less risky and more exciting.

Of the many fliers he knows， many have experiences like him. Some make black flights from Beijing to Fujian， others even organized a gathering. To many fliers， black flying is just an inconvenient truth.

黑與白

“具體到駕駛飛機的過程，‘黑飛’和‘白飛’其實完全一樣?！崩詈隳玫街鄙龣C駕照已經兩年了，他在飛行時認真仔細，絕不會拿生命開玩笑。所以“黑飛”和“白飛”的區別僅僅是有沒有主管部門的審批許可。飛行圈的人常把二者比作穿著衣服在大街上走路和光著屁股在街上裸奔，區別并不在于哪種走路姿勢更安全，而是一個正當合法，一個猥瑣犯罪。不固定航線的私人飛行往往很難申請下來，如果你只想過把飛行的癮，那你會怎么選擇呢？

李恒認為，目前國內大多數私人直升機擁有者或多或少都在“黑飛”。一旦被抓住，第一次一般會被警告，并處以2萬元以上10萬元以下的罰款。惹出嚴重亂子的，飛機還會被扣押。對比“白飛”的申請成本與“黑飛”的風險成本，許多只是想在家門口過過癮的玩家自然會選擇后者。而且，“黑飛”還能給人一種刺激、神秘的感覺。

李恒認識的全國各地的很多飛友，他們幾乎都有和他一樣的“黑飛”經歷。他一位在上海做房地產的朋友，過春節時，駕駛自己的私人直升機一路“黑飛”到了福建的老家。另外幾個溫州的飛友朋友，也曾幾次相約“黑飛”到一起聚會玩樂。某種意義上說，“黑飛”既是直升機玩家的一種無奈，也是比較普遍的一種現象。

飛行圈的人常把這比作穿著衣服在大街上走路和光著屁股在街上裸奔，區別并不在于哪種走路姿勢更安全，而是一個正當合法，一個猥瑣犯罪。

Fliers often liken it to walking on the street with or without clothes. The difference lies not in which one is safer， but that the former is legal and the latter is obscene and against law.