諜影重重：世界六大情報機構的神秘總部

無論是好萊塢大片里的中央情報局，還是邦德系列電影里的軍情六處，抑或是前蘇聯聞名于世的克格勃，情報機構都充滿了無盡的神秘色彩，讓人很想一探究竟。下文就讓我們一同來了解世界著名情報機構的真實面目和它們都在哪里安營扎寨。

Architecture is a language， one used by institutions to say something about themselves.

The same basic principle is true for the world’s spy agencies. All show their secrecy in their buildings， while some may appear starkly utilitarian1）， and some may be frightening and alienating. But they also have their quirks and differences， whether it be an isolated complex2） hidden by trees， in a location that’s never been officially disclosed， or a prominent complex built by superstar architects and put on prominent display in the middle of a capital city.

From Virginia to Berlin to Moscow， here are six of them.

United States： Central Intelligence Agency

John Brennan， the new director of the CIA is working from inside a complex that could blend into a business park anywhere in America. But this park contains the headquarters of America’s foreign intelligence agency.

Protected from prying eyes by a wooded belt in suburban Langley， Virginia， just northwest of Washington， D.C.， the complex is actually two sets of buildings connected to a central core， with each set built at different times. The first half of the building， designed by New York architecture firm Harrison and Abramovitz—who had a role in designing the United Nations headquarters—dates back to 1963. It’s a sign of its times， and built from sterile3） pre-fabricated concrete while the Headquarters Auditorium， also known as “The Bubble” took its cue from4） post-war futurism. But by the 1980s， the agency was running out of space. Today， the complex is much larger， with an added west wing of two glass office towers， designed by Detroit architects Smith， Hinchman Grylls in the 1980s.

The CIA also has a penchant5） for art and assorted knick-knacks6）. The agency has a chunk7） of the Berlin Wall on display， and an A-12 Oxcart spy plane. There’s a museum inside the building with all sorts of weird memorabilia8） inside， from a robotic fish to a Cold War-era mini-submarine. Outside the cafeteria9） on the grounds of the headquarters’ new wing is the copper sculpture Kryptos， containing 869 encrypted10） characters on four plates. The final plate， with its 97 characters， is still unbroken. The cafeteria is remarkably pleasant and airy for a government building， with enormous windows and green views. The food， however， is not quite as pleasing.

United Kingdom： Secret Intelligence Service

There’s perhaps no spy headquarters more recognizable than the SIS Building， headquarters of the British Secret Intelligence Service， or MI6. It’s not only smack-dab11） in the middle of London， but has been featured in six James Bond movies， and blown up in two of them. Designed by architect Terry Farrell， the structure has been compared to a cross between a Babylonian ziggurat12） and a power plant. And it’s built like a veritable fortress， capable of withstanding bomb attacks. There are also reportedly extensive underground areas.

It’s also put its defenses to use. In September 2000， militants suspected to be from the Real Irish Republican Army—a splinter13） faction of the Irish paramilitary group—fired a rocket-propelled grenade round at the building’s eighth floor， causing no injuries. In a demonstration of just how heavily armored the building is， the rocket reportedly bounced off a glass window.

Russia： Federal Security Service

The Lubyanka building—the yellow， neo-Baroque former headquarters of Russia’s spies—is still the most recognizable symbol of Russian secrecy， even if the bulk of their office space has moved elsewhere. Dating to 1897， the building once housed an insurance company before becoming the headquarters for the feared Soviet spy agency KGB. It was remodeled by Stalin. （The basement contained a KGB prison.） The building was then transferred to the KGB’s successor agency， the Federal Security Service （FSB）， after the collapse of the USSR.

According to cybersecurity analyst Jeffrey Carr’s book Inside Cyber Warfare： Mapping the Cyber Underworld， the building today houses the FSB’s Communications Security Center， which oversees and encrypts Russian government computer security systems； and the Center for Licensing， Certification， and Protection of State Secrets， which handles export licenses for cryptographic14） and surveillance15） technology. Twin suicide bombing attacks in 2010 also came close to the building—one of the blasts exploded at the nearby Lubyanka metro station.

Israel： Mossad

The Israeli Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations， known around the world as Mossad， is one of the most difficult spy agencies to locate. In Israel， it’s a closely guarded state secret， and attempts by amateur sleuths16） on the internet have frequently misidentified its headquarters. But there are some indications its location has been figured out. An apparent former Mossad agent claimed to have revealed its location in 1987， at a highway intersection called Glilot Junction. In journalist Patrick Tyler’s 2012 book Fortress Israel， he described Mossad’s headquarters as a “partially hidden campus of low-slung17） office buildings sandwiched between the Glilot highway junction， a cineplex18）， and a shopping center.” The buildings seen above appear to fit the location and description， and the building at top is indeed a cineplex， but it’s not for certain whether it’s really Mossad.

Germany： Federal Intelligence Service

Germany’s chief spy agency， which in German goes by the name Bundesnachrichtendienst （BND）， is proud of its spiffy19） new headquarters. ABC has reported that it’s “set to be one of the most technologically sophisticated buildings in the world” once it opens in 2014. Located within walking distance of the Reichstag building in Berlin and on the site of a former East German soccer stadium， the BND has even gone online to show off its facades20） of “natural stone， render， fair-faced concrete， brick or metal.” It has room for 4，000 employees， and has weird blob21） art.

But the design is also perhaps more open than the Germans would like. In July 2011， Munich news magazine Focus reported that the building’s blueprints were stolen from the construction site. According to Focus， the blueprints contained “the exact function of every single room， the thickness of each wall， the exact position of every toilet and every emergency exit and every security checkpoint.” The theft hasn’t ended Berlin’s plans. However， it was reported to have forced an estimated $1.8 billion interior redesign.

France： Directorate-General for External Security

This walled compound22） doesn’t stand out—because it’s not supposed to. It would be an ordinary and undistinguished complex of buildings， if you ignore the high walls topped with spikes and a tall sensor tower. Located on the eastern edge of the Paris city limits is the headquarters for the French Directorate-General for External Security （DGSE）， the agency responsible for France’s overseas intelligence works. Its headquarters are also nicknamed “the swimming pool” for its proximity23） to a facility used by the French Swimming Federation， and Google Maps has even blurred24） its image in satellite photographs.

建筑是一門語言，各個機構用它來講述自己的故事。

這一基本原則也同樣適用于全世界的間諜機構。所有的間諜機構都通過其所在的大樓彰顯自身的神秘性，只是其中有些看起來可能純粹追求實用，而另一些看起來則可能讓人望而生畏、敬而遠之。但是，無論是藏身樹叢、其所在地從未被正式披露過的偏僻樓群，還是由明星建筑師設計建造、顯眼地展示在首都中心區域的宏偉樓群，這些建筑物也都有各自的怪異和差別之處。

從弗吉尼亞州到柏林再到莫斯科，本文介紹的就是世界六大間諜機構的總部。

美國：中央情報局

新任中情局局長約翰·布倫南工作所在的樓群普通得能夠融入美國任何一個地方的商業園區。只不過，這個園區內設有美國對外情報機構的總部。

該樓群位于弗吉尼亞州的蘭利郊區，就在華盛頓特區的西北部，樓群被一片林木帶遮擋，窺探的眼睛難以見其真容。該樓群實際上由兩組建于不同時期的大樓與一棟核心大樓連接而成。大樓前半部分的建造可追溯至1963年，由紐約哈里森和阿布拉莫維茨建筑公司設計，該公司曾經參與聯合國總部的設計。這組大樓是那個時代的標志，用毫無想象力的預制混凝土建造而成。不過，被稱作“氣泡”的總部禮堂倒是借鑒了戰后的未來主義風格。但到了20世紀80年代，中情局的辦公空間就漸漸不夠用了。今天的樓群比以前要大得多，西側新增了兩棟玻璃辦公塔樓，由底特律的史密斯、欣奇曼與格里爾斯建筑公司于20世紀80年代設計。

中情局還偏愛藝術和各種小擺設。該機構的展示品包括一大塊柏林墻和一架A-12“牛車”間諜飛機。大樓內部設有一個博物館，里面收藏了各種怪異的紀念品，從機器魚到冷戰時期的微型潛艇，應有盡有。在總部新建側樓庭院里的自助餐廳外面，有一座名為“克里普托斯”的銅雕，雕塑的四塊板上含有869個加密字符。最后一塊板上有97個字符，至今仍未被破譯。對于一棟政府大樓而言，這里的自助餐廳非常宜人，通風也非常良好，這里還有巨大的窗戶，窗外綠意盎然。不過，餐廳的飯菜就沒這么令人愉悅了。

英國：秘密情報局

或許沒有哪個間諜機構的總部比秘密情報局大樓更容易辨認的了，它是英國秘密情報局（或稱為軍情六處）的總部。該大樓不僅位于倫敦市正中心，而且曾在六部詹姆斯·邦德系列電影中出現過，在其中兩部中還被炸毀了。大樓由建筑師特里·法雷爾設計，被人們比作巴比倫塔廟和發電廠的結合體。它建得像一個名副其實的堡壘，能抵御炸彈襲擊。據報道，大樓還有廣闊的地下區域。

大樓還曾動用其防御工事。2000年9月，疑似來自真愛爾蘭共和軍——從愛爾蘭準軍事組織中分裂出來的一個派別——的武裝分子向大樓的八層發射了一枚火箭推進榴彈，未造成人員傷亡。據稱，當時火箭彈從大樓的玻璃窗上彈開了，這就證明了大樓有多么固若金湯。

俄羅斯：聯邦安全局

盧比揚卡大廈是一座新巴洛克風格的黃色大樓，是俄羅斯的前間諜總部。即便現在總部的大部分辦公地點已經遷至他處，但盧比揚卡大廈仍是俄羅斯機密的最知名象征。該大廈始建于1897年，在成為令人聞風喪膽的前蘇聯間諜機構克格勃的總部之前，它曾是一家保險公司的所在地，后來斯大林對其進行了改造。（大廈的地下室設有一座克格勃監獄）。在前蘇聯解體后，該大廈被移交給了克格勃的后繼機構——聯邦安全局。

據網絡安全分析師杰弗里·卡爾所著的《網絡戰內幕：揭秘網絡黑社會》一書稱，如今這棟大樓內設有聯邦安全局的通信安全中心（負責監控俄羅斯政府的計算機安全系統并為其加密）和國家秘密許可、認證與保護中心（負責處理加密和監控技術的出口許可）。2010年，在這棟大樓附近也發生了兩起自殺性爆炸襲擊——其中一起爆炸發生在附近的盧比揚卡地鐵站。

以色列：摩薩德

以色列情報和特殊使命局，即全世界聞名的摩薩德，是最難定位的間諜機構之一。在以色列，這是一個諱莫如深的國家秘密，互聯網上的一些業余偵探曾試圖確認其總部位置，卻都弄錯了。但也有一些跡象表明，其位置已經被弄清。1987年，一個疑似前摩薩德特工的人聲稱，他已經透露了摩薩德的位置——在名為格里勞特交叉口的一處公路路口。記者帕特里克·泰勒2012年出版了《堡壘之國以色列》一書，他在書中將摩薩德總部描述為在一個“有著低矮辦公樓的半遮半掩的大院里，夾在格里勞特公路交叉口、影城以及購物中心之間。”上圖中的建筑物似乎符合書中的位置和描述，而且圖片上方的建筑的確是一個影城，只是無法確定這里是否真的是摩薩德。

德國：聯邦情報局

德國的主要間諜機構聯邦情報局（在德語中被稱為Bundesnachrichtendienst，簡稱BND）為其漂亮的新總部而自豪。美國廣播公司曾報道，該總部一旦在2014年投入使用，將“成為世界上技術最尖端的建筑之一”。聯邦情報局位于柏林，距離德國國會大廈只有幾步之遙，其原址是前東德足球場。聯邦情報局甚至開始在網上炫耀它那用“天然石材、砂漿、清水混凝土、磚或金屬”建成的大樓外觀。大樓可以容納四千名員工，還用怪異的涂抹藝術進行裝飾。

不過，該總部設計方案的公開程度或許比德國人希望的要高。2011年7月，慕尼黑的新聞雜志《焦點》報道稱，這棟大樓的設計藍圖在施工現場被盜了。據《焦點》稱，藍圖包括“每個房間的確切功能，每堵墻壁的厚度，每個衛生間、每個緊急出口以及每個安全檢查站的確切位置。”失竊事故并未終結德國政府的施工計劃，但據稱此事迫使德國政府斥資約18億美元對樓內重新進行了設計。

法國：對外安全總局

這處由圍墻環繞的區域并不突出——因為它不能太顯眼。如果你忽略插滿尖刺的高墻和高聳的探測塔，那么這里就是一處平常、不起眼的建筑群。法國對外安全總局的總部坐落于巴黎市區的東部邊緣，該機構主要負責法國的海外情報工作。其總部也被戲稱為“游泳池”，因為它靠近法國游泳聯合會使用的一處設施，谷歌地圖甚至對其衛星照片進行了模糊處理。

1.utilitarian [ju??t?l??te?ri?n] adj. （物體、建筑等）實用的

2.complex [?k?mpleks] n. 建筑群

3.sterile [?stera?l] adj. 枯燥乏味的；缺少想象力、創造力或生氣的

4.take one’s cue from：學……的樣；從……處得到暗示

5.penchant [?pent??nt] n. 特別的喜好，傾向

6.knick-knack [?n?k?n?k] n. 小裝飾品；小擺設

7.chunk [t???k] n. 大塊

8.memorabilia [?mem（?）r??b?li?] n. 值得紀念的事物，紀念品

9.cafeteria [?k?f??t??ri?] n. 自助餐廳

10.encrypt [?n?kr?pt] vt. 把……加密

11.smack-dab：恰好，不偏不倚地

12.ziggurat [?z?g?r?t] n. （古代亞述和巴比倫人的）金字形神塔

13.splinter [?spl?nt?（r）] n. （因意見不和從大的團體中分裂出來的）小派別

14.cryptographic [kr?p?t?ɡr?fik] adj. 使用密碼的

15.surveillance [s?（r）?ve?l?ns] n. 監視，監督

16.sleuth [slu?θ] n. 偵探

17.low-slung：建得很低的；矮的

18.cineplex [?s?n?pleks] n. 多觀眾廳電影院

19.spiffy [?sp?fi] adj. 好看的，漂亮的

20.facade [f??sɑ?d] n. 表面，外觀

21.blob [bl?b] n. （顏料的）一抹，（顏料濺污的）斑點

22.compound [?k?mpa?nd] n. 作特定用途的圍地

23.proximity [pr?k?s?m?ti] n. 接近，鄰近

24.blur [bl??（r）] vt. 把（界線、視線等）弄得模糊不清