I食堂，朱拉隆功大學，曼谷，泰國

建筑設計：標準工作室

I食堂，朱拉隆功大學，曼谷，泰國

建筑設計：標準工作室

1 外景/External view

2010年，朱拉隆功大學工程學院舉辦了一次公開競賽，希望設計一座新的學院食堂以取代臨時設施。項目選址位于兩座不同時代歷史建筑之間的密集區。項目一邊正對著一座有著精美混凝土裝飾的現代泰式建筑——校友禮堂的主立面，另一邊與4層高的學院大樓側面相鄰，立面開窗呈現出強烈的重復性構圖。項目選址處于校園特有區域的不可調和的混雜語境中。

在熱帶氣候影響下，建筑體量應功能布局要求呈現出兩部分的組合：堅實、堡壘似的實體部分和輕盈、透明的部分。實體部分容納了10間獨立的食品店和首層的主樓梯。二層是另外兩間食品店、空調獨立就餐區和服務區。朝東的立面上，柵格窗發揮了重要的遮陽作用。廚房的管道系統和雨水管巧妙地完全隱藏在東面的墻體內。如此設計形成了功能復合的墻體，并有助于為空調房間形成遮陽。由于防火要求，這部分建筑由鋼筋混凝土框架和砌體墻建造完成。

相比之下，建筑的另一部分——主餐廳通過鋼結構呈現出輕盈、透明的觀感。帶透明百葉的鋸齒狀屋面天窗提供了自然通風和采光。這也標示了其建筑功能的衛生要求?，F場組裝的兩組近5m高的平面鋼桁架，提升起來在建筑一角形成一層樓高的三角形懸挑，如此形成了一個雙層的餐廳和一個懸挑夾層。雨棚般的懸挑夾層下形成了主要的半室外空間，是整座建筑的點睛之筆。它在這個區域中展現出優雅的建筑品質，不僅提供了食堂的入口和可選座席，而且成為通往校友紀念堂和學院主廣場的便捷的聯絡通道。

設計過程中，鋼結構的使用讓建筑呈現出獨有的特色：寬敞的大廳、戲劇化的懸挑夾層、準無柱的半室外空間等等。結構特性使得建造過程中諸多復雜問題得以簡化，比如，緊湊的建設場地、歷史環境的保護、建造的精確性和建造效率?！酰ㄍ蹙?譯）

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: 朱拉隆功大學工程系/Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University

場地面積/Site Area: 750m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 1128m2

設計時間/Design Period: 2010

攝影/Photos: Piyawut Srisakul

In 2010, the Faculty of Engineering, at Chulalongkorn University announced an open competition to design a new faculty canteen to replace their earlier temporary one. The site is located in a dense area between two historical buildings of different eras. One side faces the main facade of the Alumni Hall, a contemporary Thai building with delicate concrete ornaments. The other side of the building is flanked by the main fourstorey faculty building. The new Canteen Building site was in an uncompromising and heterogeneous context in one of the privileged quarters of the campus.

In response to the tropical climate, the building volume is broken into two parts: a solid fortresslike one and a light transparent one. The solid part accommodates ten individual food parlors and the main stair on the ground floor. On the upper floor are another two food parlors with air-conditioned dividable dining spaces and service compartments. At the east facing facade, slot windows play an important role in sun shading. The ductwork from the kitchens and the rainwater drainage pipes are cleverly and completely concealed inside the wall on the east side. When this adds depth to the wall, it also helps create sun shading for the air-conditioned room. For fire protection reasons, this part of the building is built with a reinforced concrete skeleton frame and masonry walls.

In contrast to the main dining hall, the second part of the building is about lightness and transparency and is built using a steel structure. Its saw tooth roof with transparent louvers provides both natural ventilation and light. It also symbolizes the hygienic practices of the function it encloses. Two site assembled steel plane trusses approximately five meter high are connected perpendicularly to create a room-height, triangular elevated building corner, forming a double height dining hall with an overhanging mezzanine. A semi-outdoor volume, a canopy to be precise, is also by this mezzanine and is the focus of the whole building ensemble. It imparts a graceful architectural quality to the area, providing not only an entrance to and optional seating for the canteen, but also an elegant approach to the alumni hall as well as a proper linkage to the faculty's main square.

During the design process, the steel structure determined the architectural expression of the building: a wide span hall, a dramatically cantilevered mezzanine, a semi outdoor volume, et cetera. Such a structure minimized complications during construction. □

2 半室外三角形空間，通往學院主廣場、原有建筑和主入口/ Covered triangular space as linkage of faculty main square, existing buildings and main entrance

3 首層平面/Floor 0 plan

4 二層平面/Floor 1 plan

評論

張路峰：這是個簡單而直率、樸素而實用的設計。建筑師通過底層局部架空的處理，回應了場地局促的問題。架空所形成的廊下空間，不但提供了入口雨篷和室外就餐、休息的場所，也緩解了新建筑與相鄰兩個老建筑在空間上的緊張關系。二層局部采用巨型桁架結構，為的是最大限度地減少下部結構支撐點，使得廊下空間獲得了近乎無柱的空透效果。

趙揚：這個建筑對待空間布局、結構形式、材料選用以及細部的態度都很像OMA早期的作品。很遺憾，沒有選擇表現這個建筑使用狀態的照片，尤其是那個半室外的梯形空間，像是把泰國街頭大排檔的場景直接移植到這個氣質有些斯文的校園，和旁邊矜持內斂的老建筑形成鮮明的對比。建筑采取透明而輕盈的姿態來適應這個有些擁擠的地段。大學食堂這種獨特的集體就餐模式在這里具有了戲劇性和強烈的場所感。

5 西立面/West Elevation

1-入口/Entrance

2-半室外空間/Covered space

3-餐廳/Dining hall

4-食品店/Food parlour

5-備餐間/Servery

6-洗滌區/Washing area

6 帶夾層的餐廳/Dining hall with mezzanine

Comments

ZHANG Lufeng: This is a simple, straightforward, and practical design. The architect responds to the cramped sight with creation of a semi-outdoor space beneath the volume of the building. This canopy space not only provides an entry porch, outdoor dining and a recreation area it also eases the tension between this new building and two adjacent existing buildings. The first floor is composed of a massive truss structure designed to minimize the presence of piers in the canopy space below. They make it transparent and column-free. ZHAO Yang: This building is much like the early works of OMA in terms of its spatial layout, structural form, material selection and attitude to details. Unfortunately, the photographs do not choose to reveal the actual function of this building, especially in the indoor/outdoor trapezoidal space. It looks as if Thai outdoor food stalls have been directly transplanted into this gentle campus. This is an enormous contrast to the modest existing buildings nearby. The building is transparent and light attitude on the somewhat crowded site. The university cafeteria program, a place where dining takes place collectively, creates a dramatic and strong sense of place.

I-CANTEEN, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2012

Architects: normalstudio