姜翀弋+王巍+袁祖榮

摘 要 通過罕見胰腺轉移性腫瘤1例及相關文獻復習,對胰腺轉移性腫瘤的鑒別診斷和治療方法進行闡述,為社區醫生拓寬思路,減少誤診提供幫助。
關鍵詞 胰腺 轉移性腫瘤 鑒別診斷
中圖分類號:R734.2 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-1533(2014)04-0012-03
Rare pancreatic tumor: one case with pancreatic
benign metastasiging leiomyoma and review of literature
JIANG Chongyi, WANG Wei, YUAN Zurong
(Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Center of General
Surgical Department of Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China)
ABSTRACT Through a case of rare pancreatic metastatic tumor and the related literature review, this article elaborates the differential diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic metastatic tumors to help broaden the idea of community physicians to reduce misdiagnosis.
KEY WORDS pancreas; metastatic tumor; differential diagnosis
胰腺轉移性腫瘤在臨床上少見,其發生率約占胰腺腫瘤的2.0%~5.0%[1-2]。從原發腫瘤出現到發生腫瘤胰腺轉移的平均間隔期約為9年[2-3]。最常見的胰腺轉移腫瘤來自腎癌、肺癌、乳腺癌或結腸癌[1,4]。黑色素瘤、甲狀腺癌與間質腫瘤的胰腺轉移也有報道[5]。由于胰腺轉移性腫瘤的臨床癥狀與胰腺原發腫瘤相似,因此在診斷上常難以進行鑒別[6]。子宮來源的胰腺轉移性腫瘤更為罕見,僅有少量病例報道,且均為惡性腫瘤[7-9]。我們報道1例子宮肌瘤來源的胰腺轉移性腫瘤。
1 病例介紹
52歲女性患者,因為絕經后陰道出血1月來我院就診。無腹痛、黃疸、發熱、體重減輕或其他伴隨癥狀。體檢捫及下腹部約10 cm腫塊,質硬,固定,邊界清楚。術前常規實驗室檢查以及腫瘤標志物(包括CA19-9、CA-125)均正常。盆腔CT檢查提示子宮體部中央區3.7 cm×2.8 cm輕度強化腫塊,以及子宮體底部壁區10×10 cm子宮肌瘤(圖1)。此外,上腹部CT檢查時偶然發現胰頭部存在2.9 cm×3.4 cm不均質強化腫塊(圖2)。術前經診刮證實子宮體部腫塊為I級子宮內膜癌。患者遂接受手術,術中發現胰頭部腫瘤直接侵犯腸系膜上靜脈,無法切除,通過前列腺穿刺針行胰腺腫瘤穿刺活檢,并行子宮加雙側附件切除術。術后病理學檢查證實子宮腫瘤為子宮內膜癌,侵犯子宮肌層。子宮壁的巨大腫塊為子宮肌瘤。在顯微鏡下見胰腺腫瘤組織的梭形細胞,無壞死與有絲分裂象(圖3)。胰腺腫瘤的免疫組化顯示SMA、desmin與vimentin強陽性,CD117與S-100陰性,雌激素與孕激素受體陽性。根據上述病理學檢查結果與免疫組化特征,我們考慮該胰腺腫瘤為良性轉移性平滑肌瘤(benign metastasizing leiomyoma, BML)。該患者術后拒絕接受任何后續治療。在一年的隨訪期間,沒有發現胰腺轉移腫瘤增大或其他復發跡象。
2 討論
臨床上胰腺轉移性腫瘤極少見。Faure等[10]分析269例手術切除的胰腺腫瘤病例中轉移性腫瘤僅有8例(3.0%)。Minni等[11]總結708例胰腺腫瘤病例僅發現3例轉移性腫瘤(0.4%)。Adsay等[5]回顧分析了973例胰腺腫瘤切除標本,其中胰腺轉移性腫瘤38例(3.8%),以肺癌轉移最為多見,其次為消化道腫瘤與淋巴瘤。由于胰腺轉移性腫瘤無特異臨床癥狀,約有1/3的病例在術前會被誤認為胰腺原發性腫瘤。Lee等[12]回顧文獻發現,胰腺轉移性腫瘤有5.0%患者存在體重降低,腹痛占20.0%,黃疸30.0%,而超過45.0%的患者無任何癥狀。有報道認為影像學檢查對于胰腺原發和轉移性腫瘤的鑒別沒有幫助[13]。細針穿刺活檢可能有助于術前診斷[14-16]。
術前我們曾考慮本病例胰腺腫瘤為子宮內膜癌轉移可能,但缺乏影像學依據支持。由于擔心穿刺活檢可能導致出血、胰瘺等相關并發癥,因而選擇了直接行剖腹探查。術后胰腺標本的病理學檢查提示該腫瘤由梭形細胞構成,結合病理檢查與免疫組化檢測結果提示為BML。BML為來源于子宮平滑肌瘤的轉移性腫瘤,發生率較低,迄今臨床報道的病例數僅百余例[17-18]。最常見的轉移部位為肺或淋巴結[17],胰腺轉移為首次報道。該腫瘤雖發生轉移,但生長緩慢,常無臨床表現,具有激素依賴性特點,預后較好[17-18]。
對于腫瘤的孤立性轉移病灶,目前均認為手術切除有助于改善患者的預后[19]。但胰腺手術相關的巨大手術創傷,使臨床醫生對胰腺轉移性腫瘤患者是否能夠從手術治療中獲益存在疑問。目前相關的臨床研究較少。最大宗的報道來自美國麻省總院的Konstantinidis[20],其回顧了15年內接受胰腺手術的2 224例患者,其中40例(1.8%)為胰腺轉移性腫瘤。這部分患者的圍手術期并發癥發生率為37.5%,死亡率為2.5%,中位生存時間4.4年,5年生存率42.0%。德國Niess等對26例胰腺轉移性腫瘤患者的回顧分析也得到類似的結論[21],73.0%的患者能達到R0切除,圍手術期并發癥發生率35.0%,無圍手術期死亡病例,患者3年生存率73.2%,5年生存率52.3%,中位生存時間63個月。此外,胰腺轉移性腫瘤的手術切除率可達64.0%,遠高于胰腺導管腺癌15.0%~20.0%的手術切除率[11]。上述研究結果提示對于全身狀況較好的胰腺孤立轉移性腫瘤患者采取積極的手術治療可有效改善患者預后[20-21]。
3 結論
胰腺轉移性腫瘤的臨床發生率低,術前鑒別診斷較困難。細致的病史采集結合影像學檢查與穿刺活檢可能有助于診斷。手術切除胰腺轉移病灶是可以考慮的治療方案,尤其對于經過充分評估的病例,手術有助于改善患者預后。
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(收稿日期:2013-09-16)