史惠琴等
摘要對2009~2013年隴東地區(qū)馬鈴薯晚疫病發(fā)生流行原因進行了分析,并提出了防控措施。結果表明,氣候適宜是該病發(fā)生流行的決定因素;品種抗病性差、菌源量充足、栽培管理不規(guī)范、防控措施不到位是發(fā)生流行的主要原因。提出了選用抗病品種、 減少菌源、加強栽培管理、藥劑防治、開展監(jiān)測和統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治等綜合防控措施。
關鍵詞隴東;馬鈴薯晚疫病;流行原因;防控措施
中圖分類號S435.32文獻標識碼A文章編號0517-6611(2014)21-07076-02
The Epidemic Reason Investigation and Prevention and Control Measures of Potato Late Blight in Longdong
SHI Huiqin, SHI Zhifeng(Jingchuan Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jingchuan, Gansu 744300)
AbstractThe epidemic reasons of potato late blight in Longdong area were analyzed from 2009 to 2013, the prevention and control measures were put forward. Its clear that climate optimum is the determinant factor of epidemic, and that major epidemic reasons are poor disease resistance of varieties, abundant pathogen, unnormative cultivation management and inadequate prevention and control measures. Thus, comprehensive prevention and control measures are proposed, including selecting diseaseresistant varieties, reducing fungus resource, strengthening cultivation management, developing chemical control, conducting surveillance, promoting the professional pest control system and so on.
Key wordsLongdong; Potato late blight; Epidemic reason; Prevention and control measure
馬鈴薯晚疫病連年達中度至中度偏重發(fā)生,一般年份減產15%左右,嚴重年份減產30%以上,造成馬鈴薯商品率下降、產量效益低而不穩(wěn),直接影響了農民增收及農村經濟的發(fā)展。為此,筆者對馬鈴薯晚疫病發(fā)生流行成因進行了研究,并提出了防控措施,旨在為指導馬鈴薯產業(yè)的持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展提供借鑒。
1發(fā)生情況
3.5積極開展監(jiān)測和統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治市、縣各級行政和植保部門要設立馬鈴薯晚疫病數字化監(jiān)測預警系統(tǒng),建立健全縣、鄉(xiāng)、村三級監(jiān)測和防治體系,及時掌握晚疫病發(fā)生動態(tài)。當田間發(fā)現中心病株時,應在3 d內組織機防隊開展統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治和群防群治。抓住重點區(qū)域和防治關鍵期,實施“統(tǒng)一部署、統(tǒng)一時間、統(tǒng)一技術、統(tǒng)一藥械”的專業(yè)化統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治。
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