摘要:地中海擬無枝酸菌S699(Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699)能夠產生具有重要經濟價值的抗生素——利福霉素B。在該菌株中建立高效的遺傳操作系統是研究利福霉素生物合成機制以及構建基因工程高產菌株的基礎。研究利用單因素試驗探索了供體質粒的構型、
關鍵詞:地中海擬無枝酸菌S699(Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699);利福霉素B;電轉化;同源缺失
中圖分類號:Q784 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2014)04-0920-05
Optimizing Electroporation of Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699
WANG Ming-yan,HE Jing
(State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)
Abstract: Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699 produced an important antibiotic, rifamycin B having high economic value. To investigate biosynthetic pathway of rifamycins and construct high-yield strains by genetic engineering, establishment of a highly efficient genetic manipulation system was critically required in this strain. The effects of dsDNA and ssDNA, concentration of glycine and MgCl2 in culture medium, and electroporation parameters on electroporation efficiency were studied by single factor test. Using 34% YEME medium supplemented with 0.05 g/L glycine and 2.5 mmol/L MgCl2 to cultivate mycelia, electroporation parameters of 9 kV/cm, 25 μF and 550 Ω, double-stranded DNA as donor, a highly efficient electroporation method for A. mediterranei S699 was established with the transformation efficiency of 3.37×102 transformant/μg DNA. The homologous deletion mutant strain of the cytochrome P450 oxygenase gene orf5 from the rifamycin biosynthetic gene cluster was obtained by using the optimized method. It is demonstrated that the optimized eletroporation could be employed for genetic study on the rifamycin biosynthetic pathway.
Key words: Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699; rifamycin B; electroporation; in-frame deletion
地中海擬無枝酸菌S699(Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699)隸屬放線菌目假諾卡氏菌科擬無枝酸菌屬,為革蘭氏陽性菌,能合成并分泌利福霉素B(Rifamycin B)。利福霉素具有廣譜的抗菌作用,對革蘭氏陽性細菌,特別是對耐藥性金黃色葡萄球菌(Multiple-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)具有很強的抑制作用,對某些革蘭氏陰性菌的感染也有一定的治療效果[1],同時對腫瘤和艾滋病也有很好的治療效果[2]。目前,以利福霉素SV為母核通過化學或酶學的方法合成了利福平、利福米特、利福布丁、利福噴丁、利福拉齊等利福霉素類衍生物。其中,利福布丁和利福拉齊是治療抗耐藥性疾病及抗艾滋病并發癥的有效藥物,而其他則主要用于結核和麻風等疾病的治療[3]。
利福霉素是一種萘醌型的安莎類抗生素,由3-氨基-5-羥基苯甲酸(AHBA)起始,在Ⅰ型聚酮合酶(PKS)的作用下逐步加載延伸單元進行碳鏈的延伸,到達合適長度時,碳鏈末端折回與起始端的氨基通過酰胺鍵連接形成大環結構,然后進一步修飾形成終產物[4-6]。利福霉素最初的發酵液中有A、B、C、D、E五種組分,其中B為主要成分,后來人們又在不同產生菌株的發酵液中發現了利福霉素O、S、SV等組分。利福霉素B的活性雖然較小,但卻很容易轉化為其他活性較高的衍生物,如利福霉素O、S、SV。通過生物合成發現在地中海擬無枝酸菌S699中,利福霉素B作為終產物是由利福霉素S和SV經后修飾加工而成[7]。利用基因工程的方法可以提高活性物質利福霉素SV的產量,進而獲得可生產不同利福霉素類藥物的前體物質。而建立有效的遺傳操作系統則是進行遺傳學研究及開展基因工程研究的基礎環節。雖然早期科學家借用鏈霉菌菌絲體電轉化的方法可以將外源DNA轉入地中海擬無枝酸菌S699中[5,8],但由于轉化效率太低,不利于利福霉素合成機制的研究。因此,科學家對利福霉素類產生菌進行了大量篩選,獲得了利福霉素SV的產生菌地中海擬無枝酸菌U-32并建立了新的電轉化法[9]。前期,課題組對這兩種電轉化方法進行了對比,發現基本步驟大體相同,主要區別在于后者去除了電轉化緩沖液中的磷酸緩沖液(pH 7.4)和PEG以及使用了較低的電場強度,從而使得電轉化效率比前者提高了一個數量級。該方法的轉化效率雖然有所提高,但仍然不能很好地滿足基因中斷和基因敲除試驗的需求。為此,本研究以地中海擬無枝酸菌U-32的電轉化法為基礎,對各種電轉化條件進行了優化,建立了一種高效的地中海擬無枝酸菌S699的電轉化方法,然后利用優化后的方法對利福霉素生物合成基因簇中負責后修飾反應的細胞色素P450氧化酶基因orf5進行了敲除[10]。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料
1.1.1 菌種和質粒 地中海擬無枝酸菌S699由美國俄勒岡州立大學Taifo Mahmud教授饋贈;大腸桿菌(Escherichia coli)DH5α和質粒pBluescript Ⅱ KS(-)由華中農業大學微生物學國家重點實驗室保存。
1.1.2 培養基 大腸桿菌培養基為LB固體、液體培養基,地中海擬無枝酸菌培養基為TSB、34%YEME、GYM培養基[11]。
1.1.3 主要試劑 氨芐青霉素購自Sigma公司,潮霉素B購自Roche公司,限制性內切酶購自Fermantas公司,KOD DNA高保真酶和T4 DNA連接酶購自TOYOBO公司,DNA Marker和rTaq DNA聚合酶購自廣州東盛生物科技有限公司,溶菌酶購自BIOSHARP公司,普通DNA凝膠回收試劑盒購自AXYGEN公司,TSB培養基購自B D公司,其余藥品購自國藥集團。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 重組質粒pWMYD01的構建 利用引物orf5-for-u:5′-2 結果與分析
2.1 重組質粒pWMYD01的構建
目前在地中海擬無枝酸菌中能夠自主復制的質粒載體極少,文獻報道的地中海擬無枝酸菌的遺傳操作方法中多采用噬菌體載體系統[13]。經過PCR擴增、酶切、連接、轉化等分子生物學操作后,成功構建了細胞色素P450氧化酶基因orf5同源缺失的重組質粒pWMYD01(圖1)。該質粒含有基因orf5上游和下游的兩個同源片段及可以在地中海擬無枝酸菌中進行篩選的潮霉素抗性基因,沒有地中海擬無枝酸菌的復制子,進入地中海擬無枝酸菌以后,只有通過一次同源重組反應才能夠整合到染色體上,獲得具有潮霉素抗性的轉化子。
2.2 單雙鏈DNA構型對電轉化效率的影響
2.5 不同電場強度對電轉化效率的影響
2.6 不同電阻對電轉化效率的影響
2.7 orf5基因同源缺失突變菌株的構建
3 小結與討論
參考文獻:
[1] FLOSS H G. Rifamycin: Mode of action, resistance, and biosynthesis[J]. Chemical Reviews,2005,105(2):621-632.
[2] WEINER M, BENATOR D, BURMAN W, et al. Association between acquired rifamycin resistance and the pharmacokinetics of rifabutin and isoniazid among patients with HIV and tuberculosis[J]. Clinical Infectious Diseases,2005,40(10):1481-1491.
[3] 張靜霞,王欣瑜,唐克慧.利福霉素類抗生素分析方法研究進展[J]. 中國抗生素雜志,2009,34(10):588-592.
[4] TANG L, YOON Y J, CHOI C Y, et al. Characterization of the enzymatic domains in the modular polyketide synthase involved in rifamycin B biosynthesis by Amycolatopsis mediterranei[J]. Gene,1998,216(2):255-265.
[5] KIM C G, YU T W, FRYHLE C B, et al. 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid synthase, the terminal enzyme in the formation of the precursor of mC7N units in rifamycin and related antibiotics[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry,1998,273(11): 6030-6040.
[6] AUGUST P R, TANG L, YOON Y J, et al. Biosynthesis of the ansamycin antibiotic rifamycin: Deductions from the molecular analysis of the rif biosynthetic gene cluster of Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699[J]. Chemistry Biology,1998,5(2):69-79.
[7] XU J, MAHMUD T, FLOSS H G. Isolation and characterization of 27-O-demethylrifamycin SV methyltransferase provides new insights into the post-PKS modification steps during the biosynthesis of the antitubercular drug rifamycin B by Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699[J]. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics,2003,411(2):277-288.
[8] MAZY-SERVAIS C, BACZKOWSKI D, DUSART J. Electroporation of intact cells of Streptomyces parvulus and Streptomyces vinaceus[J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters,1997,151(2):135-138.
[9] 丁曉明.地中海氏擬無枝菌酸菌(Amycolatopsis mediterranei) U-32遺傳操作系統的建立[D]. 上海:中國科學院上海生命科學研究院,2003.
[10] XU J, WAN E, KIM C J, et al. Identification of tailoring genes involved in the modification of the polyketide backbone of rifamycin B by Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699[J]. Microbiology,2005,151(8):2515-2528.
[11] KIESER T, BIBB M J, BUTTNER M J, et al. Practical Streptomyces Genetics[M]. UK: John Innes Foundation,2000.
[12] MANIATIS T, FRITSCH E F, SAMBROOK J. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual[M]. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring Harbor, 1982.
[13] 李文華. 完善地中海氏擬無枝菌酸菌U32 遺傳操作系統的研究工作[D]. 沈陽: 沈陽藥科大學, 2002.
[14] 丁曉明,張 霓,田永強,等. 利用同源重組建立地中海擬無枝菌酸菌U32染色體的基因置換/中斷系統[J].生物工程學報,2002,18(4):431-437.
[15] SCHUPP T, TOUPET C, ENGEL N, et al. Cloning and sequence analysis of the putative rifamycin polyketide synthase gene cluster from Amycolatopsis mediterranei[J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters,1998,159(2):201-207.
[16] LAL R, LAL S, GRUND E, et al. Construction of a hybrid plasmid capable of replication in Amycolatopsis mediterranei[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1991,57(3):665-671.
[17] MADON J, HUTTER R. Transformation system for Amycolatopsis (Nocardia) mediterranei: direct transformation of mycelium with plasmid DNA[J]. Journal of Bacteriology, 1991,173(20): 6325-6331.
[18] 鄭 璞,王 蕾,史朝輝.地中海擬無枝酸菌原生質體電融合及其在提高利福霉素SV發酵效價中的應用[J].中國抗生素雜志,2002,27(5):267-269.