曹曉正,楊小紅,曹建國,向紅琳
(湖南師范大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院藥物工程實驗室,湖南長沙 410013)
宮頸癌是婦科最常見的癌癥之一,全球每年新發(fā)宮頸癌病例約為50萬,僅次于乳腺癌[1]。中國每年約有13.5萬宮頸癌新發(fā)病例,死亡率位居中國女性癌癥的第2位[2]。宮頸癌對化療的敏感性差,其主要原因是宮頸癌干細胞對現(xiàn)有化療藥物具有耐受性[3-4]。上皮 -間葉樣表型轉(zhuǎn)化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)是腫瘤干細胞的本質(zhì)特性之一[5]。本文以源自人宮頸癌SiHa細胞系球形成細胞(sphere forming cells,SFCs)為實驗?zāi)P停^察新白楊素合成類似物8-溴-7-甲氧基白楊素(8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin,BrMC)能否逆轉(zhuǎn)SFCs的 EMT及其作用分子機制是否涉及調(diào)控EMT相關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Twist1蛋白表達。
1.1 藥品和試劑 BrMC根據(jù)文獻[6]合成,經(jīng)高效液相色譜法測定純度為0.995。鼠抗人E-cadherin、N-cadherin和Twist1單克隆抗體為美國Cell Signaling公司產(chǎn)品;鼠抗人β-actin單克隆抗體購自美國Sigma公司。
1.2 細胞系與成球培養(yǎng) 人宮頸癌SiHa細胞系購自上海中國科學(xué)院細胞庫(中國上海市)。參照文獻[6]的方法進行常規(guī)單層貼壁細胞生長培養(yǎng)和干細胞條件培養(yǎng)基懸浮培養(yǎng)。
1.3 EMT形態(tài)學(xué)分析 分別取SiHa細胞系SFCs和親本細胞,用含10% 胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)基調(diào)整細胞密度為1×109·L-1,接種于普通6孔細胞培養(yǎng)板,每孔2 ml。培養(yǎng)24 h,細胞貼壁后,倒置顯微鏡下觀察細胞形態(tài),并照相。然后,更換SFCs的培養(yǎng)基為含1.0μmol·L-1BrMC的 DMEM培養(yǎng)基,培養(yǎng)72 h。倒置顯微鏡下觀察細胞形態(tài),并照相。
1.4 W estern blot分析 參照文獻[7]的方法獲得細胞總提取物。細胞裂解液經(jīng)13 200×g、4℃條件下離心5 min。Bradford試驗(Bio-Rad Laboratories,Hercules,CA)測定蛋白質(zhì)含量。以10%SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳分離蛋白質(zhì),并轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜。該膜首先在PBST中以脫脂牛奶5%(W/V)進行封閉,為了進行探針檢測,隨后以標示的一抗孵育,輕微震動下,4℃條件下過夜。沖洗膜4次后,以適當?shù)倪^氧化物酶標記的二抗孵育上述PVDF膜1 h。以增強化學(xué)發(fā)光試劑盒(Amersham Biosciences)對信號進行檢測。
1.5 統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析 實驗數(shù)據(jù)錄入Spss15.0 for windows evaluation軟件(SPSS Inc,Chicago,IL),建立數(shù)據(jù)庫,各組實驗數(shù)據(jù)均用表示,用One Way ANOVA方式行方差分析。首先進行方差齊性檢驗,當方差齊性時,各組均數(shù)間的兩兩比較用LSD法,如果方差不齊,對照組均數(shù)與實驗組均數(shù)間的比較用Dunnett法。
2.1 宮頸癌SiHa細胞系SFCs的制備 以干細胞條件培養(yǎng)基,在超低黏附6孔細胞培養(yǎng)板中懸浮培養(yǎng)6 d,細胞呈現(xiàn)典型非黏附三維球樣生長(Fig 1)。有研究證實[8],SiHa細胞系SFCs具有宮頸癌干細胞特性。因此我們將干細胞條件培養(yǎng)基懸浮培養(yǎng)得到的SFCs作為后續(xù)實驗的模型。

Fig 1 Sphere culture of human cervical cancer SiHa cell linePC:SiHa cell line cells were cultured under adherent conditions(200×);SFC:The cells were suspended in stem cell condition media and sphereswere formed at6th day(200×).
2.2 BrMC促進SFCs的間葉樣細胞形態(tài)向上皮細胞形態(tài)過渡 SiHa細胞系SFCs在含10% 胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)基中貼壁生長,呈現(xiàn)梭形細胞即間葉樣細胞形態(tài)(Fig 2);而親本細胞貼壁生長時,表現(xiàn)為多邊形細胞即上皮細胞形態(tài)(Fig 2);1.0 μmol·L-1BrMC處理的SFCs貼壁生長呈現(xiàn)出向多邊形細胞即上皮細胞形態(tài)過渡趨勢(Fig 2)。這提示:SiHa細胞系 SFCs具有間葉樣細胞形態(tài),而BrMC能抑制SFCs的EMT。
2.3 BrMC調(diào)控SiHa細胞系SFCs中E-cadherin和N-cadherin蛋白表達 SiHa細胞系SFCs低表達上皮細胞標志物E-cadherin和高表達間葉樣細胞標志物 N-cadherin(Fig 3A);BrMC(0.1和 1.0 μmol·L-1)處理 24 h,導(dǎo)致 SFCs中 E-cadherin蛋白表達上調(diào)和N-cadherin下調(diào)(Fig 3B)。進一步說明:BrMC能有效抑制SiHa細胞系SFCs的EMT。

Fig 2 Effect of BrMC on mesenchymal phenotype of SFCs of SiHa cell linePC:Parental cells from SiHa cell line were cultured undermonolayer adherent culture(200×);SFC:the second passaged SFCs of SiHa cell linewere cultured undermonolayer adherent culture(200×);The SFCs of SiHa cell line treated with 0.1μmol·L-1 of BrMC for72 h were cultured undermonolayer adherent culture(200×).
2.4 BrMC下調(diào)SiHa細胞系SFCs的Twsit1蛋白表達 Westernblot分析結(jié)果顯示:BrMC(0.1和1.0μmol·L-1)處理 SiHa細胞系 SFCs中 Twist1蛋白表達下調(diào)(Fig 4)。結(jié)果證明:BrMC具有下調(diào)Si-Ha細胞系SFCs中Twist1蛋白表達作用。
新近的研究表明,SiHa細胞系SFCs具有體外自我更新和體內(nèi)高致瘤性[8]。本研究結(jié)果證實,Si-Ha細胞系SFCs具有間葉樣細胞形態(tài)特征,并低表達上皮細胞標志物E-cadherin蛋白和高表達間葉樣細胞標志物N-cadherin蛋白;從而進一步證明SiHa細胞系SFCs有宮頸癌干細胞樣細胞特性。
白楊素(chrysin,ChR)是一種廣泛存在于多種植物中的黃酮類化合物[9];并被證實明顯抑制多種腫瘤細胞生長和誘導(dǎo)細胞凋亡[9]。我們通過化學(xué)修飾ChR得到的新ChR類似物BrMC具有較ChR更強的抗腫瘤活性[10-12]。我們研究發(fā)現(xiàn)BrMC優(yōu)先抑制Huh-7細胞系SFCs的增殖活性[13]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,BrMC能有效逆轉(zhuǎn)SiHa細胞系SFCs的EMT,這提示BrMC可能是一種靶向抑制腫瘤干細胞功能和特性的候選藥物。
已有研究提示,過表達Twsit1基因促成SFCs的EMT[7,14]。在本文中,Western blot分析證實,BrMC有效地下調(diào)SiHa細胞系SFCs的Twist1蛋白表達,呈劑量依賴性。因此,我們可以得出如下結(jié)論:BrMC具有逆轉(zhuǎn)SiHa細胞系SFCs的EMT作用;其作用機制與其下調(diào)EMT相關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Twsit1蛋白表達相關(guān)。

Fig 3 Comparison of EMT Biomarker expression between SFCs and parental cells of SiHa cell lineA:The comparison of E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression in SFCs(sphere-forming cells of SiHa cell line)and PC(parental cells)was analyzed by western blotting.β-actin was used as the loading control.Data are presented as themean±S.D.of three independent experiments.*P<0.05,**P<0.01 vs PC;B:The protein expressions of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in SFCs of SiHa cell line treated with the indicated concentration of BrMC for 24 h were determined by western blotting.β-actin was used as the loading control.Data are presented as themean±S.D.of three independent experiments.*P<0.05,**P<0.01 vs untreated SFCs.#P<0.05 vs SFCs treated with 0.1μmol·L-1 BrMC.

Fig 4 BrMC down-regulates the protein expression of Twist1 in SFCs of SiHa cell lineWestern blotanalysiswas performed to determine the effects of BrMC on the protein expression of Twist1 in SFCs of SiHa cell line using antibodies against Twist1.β-actin was used as the loading control.Data are presented as themean±S.D.of three independent experiments.**P<0.01 vs untreated SFCs;#P<0.05 vs SFCs treated with 0.1μmol·L-1 BrMC.
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