張權等
摘要建立了超低溫溶劑提取結合全二維氣相色譜/飛行時間質譜(GC×GCTOF/MS)測定卷煙主流煙氣中有機酸類成分的方法。首先利用乙醚為提取溶劑的超低溫溶劑提取裝置對卷煙主流煙氣進行捕集,然后將提取液通過液液萃取、N,O雙(三甲基硅烷)三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)衍生化后,以DB1(30 m × 0.25 mm, 1.0 μm)為一維色譜柱、DBwax(1.5 m × 0.1 mm, 0.1 μm)為二維色譜柱組成的柱系統對目標物進行分離,在調制周期為6 s、質量掃描范圍為m/z 45~450的條件下,卷煙主流煙氣中12種有機酸成分可以在58 min內得到準確的檢測。實驗結果表明,卷煙主流煙氣中12種有機酸標準曲線相關系數R2>0.99,加標回收率為80.2%~107.8%,相對標準偏差(RSD)的范圍為0.4%~12.1%(n=5),方法檢出限為1.3~24.5 μg/kg, 定量限為4.1~77.1 μg/kg。
1引言
復雜體系的成分分析一直是分析化學領域具有挑戰性的難題之一,為此科研工作者做出了大量努力。卷煙煙氣其組成相對復雜,其基質干擾往往會掩蓋低濃度目標物信息,所以近年來也成為復雜體系的成分分析的熱點方向\[1\]。目前,已鑒定的煙氣中的成分及種類達7 357種,其中有機酸成分對于改善煙氣品質具有重要作用\[2\]。卷煙煙氣由氣相成分和懸浮其中的粒相成分組成,在抽吸卷煙時,從濾嘴端吸出的煙氣稱為主流煙氣\[3\]。分析主流煙氣中有機酸組分的方法很多,大多是先利用吸煙機進行抽吸卷煙煙支,采用劍橋濾片捕集煙氣粒相部分,溶劑捕集或低溫冷阱捕集煙氣氣相部分,然后再結合一維氣相色譜/質譜分別進行定性定量\[4,5\]。但是,由于吸煙機操作相對復雜,每次所耗煙支數量較多,且對主流煙氣中氣相物和粒相物不能同時進行富集,同時在檢測時傳統一維色譜峰容量有限、分辨率較低,對于卷煙主流煙氣這種復雜成分會造成峰重疊嚴重,影響質譜定性及定量的準確性\[6,7\]。
本研究針對現有分析煙氣成分技術中存在的不足進行改進,專門設計了一種超低溫溶劑提取裝置,在超低溫狀態下分離和富集卷煙主流煙氣中的有機酸成分,在常溫常壓下解凍,使有機酸組分在低溫態下直接溶解在提取溶劑中,既保證煙氣中原有香氣成分特征,又可對主流煙氣中氣相物和粒相物同時進行富集,結合全二維氣相色譜飛行時間質譜分析,提高了目標組分定性及定量的準確性,而且前處理操作簡單,分析時間短,適合于批量樣品的多種香氣成分同時分析。
超低溫溶劑提取裝置其特征在于:在提取容器(6)中裝有提取溶劑(2),在液氮裝置(7)中盛有液氮(3),在煙支接嘴處(1)裝上煙支,并點燃,利用抽氣裝置(8)進行抽氣,通過控制閥(4)調節抽吸速度, 進而控制煙支的燃吸速率,最終對卷煙燃吸時產生的主流煙氣進行富集。2.2標準溶液的配制
將各標準品用二氯甲烷配制成標準儲備液,準確移取適量的各標準儲備液用二氯甲烷定容到50 mL, 得到有機酸混合標準工作溶液,搖勻后
Symbolm@@ 18 ℃冷藏保存,儲備液中各有機酸濃度如表1所示。
2.3樣品前處理
3結果與討論
3.1卷煙主流煙氣超低溫溶劑提取與萃取分離的優化
3.1.1提取溶劑的選擇考察了不同提取溶劑(乙醚、二氯甲烷)對主流煙氣提取與捕集的影響, 以卷煙樣品主流煙氣經GC×GCTOF/MS分析的結果中可靠識別有機酸組分種類及含量為指標。結果表明,乙醚為比二氯甲烷提取的有機酸組分種類多26種,以12種有機酸標準樣品進行定量分析時,乙醚比二氯甲烷提取的每種有機酸組分的峰體積大。
3.1.2萃取分離時pH值的選擇利用13種有機酸混合標準樣品(含內標)考察萃取分離時pH值(分別為0.33, 0.78, 1.49, 2.87, 4.32, 5.03, 6.38)對有機酸各組分定量結果的影響,以13種有機酸的峰體積之和及可檢出的有機酸種類為指標(圖2)。從圖2可見,在萃取分離時,pH值對有機酸各組分定量分析有較大影響,只有在pH<1的強酸性環境中才能將有機酸組分從無機相完全萃取到有機相中,使得最終定量結果準確。
3.2有機酸成分衍生化條件的優化
卷煙主流煙氣中有機酸定量分析結果的準確與否,關鍵在于有機酸衍生化的完全程度和樣品前處理的準確性\[8\]。本實驗選擇BSTFA衍生試劑用量、衍生溫度、衍生時間和衍生介質為主要影響因素,以12種有機酸總含量為指標,按照L16(45)正交實驗設計優化有機酸類成分衍生化條件。
3.3與GC TOF/MS分離特性、靈敏度的比較
全二維氣相色譜是將分離機理不同且互相獨立的兩根色譜柱以串聯方式聯接,由于從一維柱流出的組分經環形調制器冷凝聚焦后再次注入二維柱,色譜峰常只有100 ms,因此靈敏度較GCTOF/MS有大幅提高\[9~11\]。比較GCTOF/MS與GC×GCTOF/MS的靈敏度結果(表1)可知,被調制后的GC×GCTOF/MS信號比GCTOF/MS信號的靈敏度強6.1~41.8倍。通常,樣品中的某些痕量組分在一維柱檢測不到,能在二維柱上得到很好的信號。不僅如此,GC×GCTOF/MS更具有強大的分離特性,實驗中13種有機酸組分可從煙氣這類復雜基質中完全分離,有效解決了非待測組分的干擾,不僅使得定量結果準確,還避免了一維色譜中待測組分之間色譜峰分離不完全對檢測結果產生的影響
3.4方法驗證實驗
3.4.1標準曲線及檢出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分別吸取有機酸混標貯備液10, 25, 50, 100, 250和500 μL于色譜小瓶中,各加入5 μL反2己烯酸,用二氯甲烷定容至1 mL,經渦旋混合后得到6個不同濃度的混合標準溶液。以目標物定量離子與內標物定量離子的質量比為橫坐標,以目標物定量離子與內標物定量離子的峰體積比為縱坐標。各組分的體積比(y)與質量比(x)具有良好的線性關系,線性相關系數(R2)均大于0.99。以信噪比S/N=3確定本方法的檢出限為1.3~24.5 μg/kg;以信噪比S/N=10確定本方法的定量限為4.1~77.1 μg/kg。具體結果見表3。
3.4.2加標回收率和精密度實驗本實驗采用標準加入法測定回收率。利用超低溫溶劑提取裝置進行卷煙主流煙氣提取與富集(4支×4次),合并提取溶劑并充分搖勻,再將提取溶劑平均分成4份,記作1, 2, 3, 4號。其中將1號和2號溶劑的檢測結果作為本底值,在3號和4號溶劑中分別添加100 μL的4#標準樣品進行加標回收率考察,每個水平重復測定5次,其中添加100 μL的回收率為80.2%~107.8%,相對標準偏差(RSD)為0.4%~12.1%。楊 菁, 謝雯燕, 陳 磊, 吳 達, 劉百戰, 楊 新, 顧文博. 分析測試學報, 2012, 31(3): 255-260
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10WANG Yang, YU ZhiQiang, LUO XiangFan, FENG JiaLiang, ZHANG DongPing, REN GuoFa. Chinese J. Anal. Chem., 2012, 40(8): 1187-1193
汪 洋, 于志強, 羅湘凡, 馮加良, 張東平, 任國發. 分析化學, 2012, 40(8): 1187-1193
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14ZHU Shuai, GAO LiRong, ZHENG MingHui, LIU HuiMin, ZHANG Bing, LIU LiDan, WANG YiWen. Journal of Instrumental Analysis, 2014, 33(3): 301-306
朱 帥, 高麗榮, 鄭明輝, 劉卉閡, 張 兵, 劉立丹, 王毅文. 分析測試學報, 2014, 33(3): 301-306
AbstractA new method for the determination of organic acids from mainstream cigarette smoke using ultra low temperature solvent extractioncomprehensive twodimensional gas chromatography/timeofflight mass spectrometry(GC×GCTOF/MS)was established. The mainstream smoke was directly trapped by ethyl ether with ultra low temperature solvent extraction device, and cleaned up with liquidliquid extraction. The concentrated extracts were further derived by N,Obis(trimethylsily)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). The good separation of silanized product was achieved by the column set of DB1 (30 m × 0.25 mm, 1.0 μm) as the 1st column and DBwax (1.5 m × 0.1 mm, 0.1 μm) as the 2nd column with modulation period of 6 s and scan range of m/z 45-450. The results showed that linearity correlation coefficients were larger than 0.99, and the average recoveries were between 80.17% and 107.81% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) in the range of 0.4%-12.1% (n=5). The detection limit and the quantitation limit were 1.3-24.5 μg/kg and 4.1-77.1 μg/kg, respectively.
KeywordsComprehensive twodimensional gas chromatographytimeofflight mass spectrometry; Ultralow temperature solvent extraction; Cigarette; Mainstream smoke; Organic acids
14ZHU Shuai, GAO LiRong, ZHENG MingHui, LIU HuiMin, ZHANG Bing, LIU LiDan, WANG YiWen. Journal of Instrumental Analysis, 2014, 33(3): 301-306
朱 帥, 高麗榮, 鄭明輝, 劉卉閡, 張 兵, 劉立丹, 王毅文. 分析測試學報, 2014, 33(3): 301-306
AbstractA new method for the determination of organic acids from mainstream cigarette smoke using ultra low temperature solvent extractioncomprehensive twodimensional gas chromatography/timeofflight mass spectrometry(GC×GCTOF/MS)was established. The mainstream smoke was directly trapped by ethyl ether with ultra low temperature solvent extraction device, and cleaned up with liquidliquid extraction. The concentrated extracts were further derived by N,Obis(trimethylsily)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). The good separation of silanized product was achieved by the column set of DB1 (30 m × 0.25 mm, 1.0 μm) as the 1st column and DBwax (1.5 m × 0.1 mm, 0.1 μm) as the 2nd column with modulation period of 6 s and scan range of m/z 45-450. The results showed that linearity correlation coefficients were larger than 0.99, and the average recoveries were between 80.17% and 107.81% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) in the range of 0.4%-12.1% (n=5). The detection limit and the quantitation limit were 1.3-24.5 μg/kg and 4.1-77.1 μg/kg, respectively.
KeywordsComprehensive twodimensional gas chromatographytimeofflight mass spectrometry; Ultralow temperature solvent extraction; Cigarette; Mainstream smoke; Organic acids
14ZHU Shuai, GAO LiRong, ZHENG MingHui, LIU HuiMin, ZHANG Bing, LIU LiDan, WANG YiWen. Journal of Instrumental Analysis, 2014, 33(3): 301-306
朱 帥, 高麗榮, 鄭明輝, 劉卉閡, 張 兵, 劉立丹, 王毅文. 分析測試學報, 2014, 33(3): 301-306
AbstractA new method for the determination of organic acids from mainstream cigarette smoke using ultra low temperature solvent extractioncomprehensive twodimensional gas chromatography/timeofflight mass spectrometry(GC×GCTOF/MS)was established. The mainstream smoke was directly trapped by ethyl ether with ultra low temperature solvent extraction device, and cleaned up with liquidliquid extraction. The concentrated extracts were further derived by N,Obis(trimethylsily)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). The good separation of silanized product was achieved by the column set of DB1 (30 m × 0.25 mm, 1.0 μm) as the 1st column and DBwax (1.5 m × 0.1 mm, 0.1 μm) as the 2nd column with modulation period of 6 s and scan range of m/z 45-450. The results showed that linearity correlation coefficients were larger than 0.99, and the average recoveries were between 80.17% and 107.81% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) in the range of 0.4%-12.1% (n=5). The detection limit and the quantitation limit were 1.3-24.5 μg/kg and 4.1-77.1 μg/kg, respectively.
KeywordsComprehensive twodimensional gas chromatographytimeofflight mass spectrometry; Ultralow temperature solvent extraction; Cigarette; Mainstream smoke; Organic acids