高麗娜等
摘 要:研究鯉魚、鰻鱺、鱖魚在加入不同濃度的孔雀石綠標準樣品且在不同冷凍貯藏時間下對孔雀石綠殘留量的影響。三種基質中,鰻鱺組織中添加有無色孔雀石綠降解速率最慢、鱖魚次之、鯉魚較快。三種基質中添加10 μg/kg、50 μg/kg、100 μg/kg有色孔雀石綠平均降解率分別為57.9%、48.0%、23.0%;無色孔雀石綠平均降解率分別為46.6%、43.4%、19.8%,有色孔雀石綠較無色孔雀石綠降解快,低濃度較高濃度降解快。在三種基質鯉魚、鰻鱺、鱖魚組織中有色和無色孔雀石綠降解反應均符合準一級反應動力學。分析可能由于鰻鱺組織脂肪較多,其結合方式影響了有色無色孔雀石綠的降解。
關鍵詞:貯藏時間;肌肉;孔雀石綠;殘留
食品安全是重要的民生問題,直接關系到社會的和諧穩定。近年來,我國水產品質量安全事件時有發生,對漁業的健康發展造成嚴重的影響。因藥物殘留超標而被退貨、銷毀甚至中斷貿易往來事件屢見不鮮。2001年,歐盟檢出中國對蝦、蝦仁含有氯霉素,隨后對其實施了嚴格檢查,并提出了蝦類氯霉素污染新規定;2003年7月15日,日本靜岡衛生部門從產自中國的冷凍鰻魚中檢出恩諾沙星,對已售出的8 210 kg冷凍鰻魚發出警示并要求立即回收。2005年,日本從中國進口的鰻魚制品中檢測出孔雀石綠,對中國進口烤鰻制品發出禁止通令。可見藥物殘留問題儼然己成為我國擴大水產品國際貿易的主要障礙。水產品的質量問題,已成為制約我國水產養殖業進一步發展的瓶頸[1]。
我國從2002年開始對水產品藥物殘留實施監控計劃,農業部每年都有大量經費用于監控孔雀石綠的使用情況,許多國家級、部級、?。ㄊ校┘墝嶒炇页袚浔O控及檢測任務。其結果的準確性和科學性不僅關系著生產者的切身利益,更考驗著水產品質量安全執法部門的公正性[2]。
孔雀石綠(MalachiteGreen oxalate),(以下簡寫MG),又稱中國綠、苯胺綠、堿性孔雀石綠、品綠、鹽基塊綠,是一種合成的N-甲基二氨基三苯基甲烷類染料(N-methylated diamino tripheny methane)。在自然界中,MG以多種形式存在,但主要是以草酸鹽或鹽酸鹽的形式存在于醋酸鹽和鹽酸鹽的混合液中??兹甘G進入機體后,最初主要在魚的受精卵或魚苗的血清、肝、腎、肌肉、皮膚、內臟等組織中蓄積,而后經過生物轉化,代謝成為無色形式的脂溶性代謝產物無色孔雀石綠( Leucomalachite green,以下簡稱LMG),被長期滯留在組織中,因此在水產品組織中檢測到的殘留物主要是無色孔雀石綠[3]。LMG的結構類似于具有致癌作用的典型的芳香胺化合物,是MG染料合成的前體物,也是工業生產中最嚴重的污染物。
目前,國內外對孔雀石綠代謝方面的研究總體不多,主要是對實驗動物代謝的研究。Poe等研究發現孔雀石綠主要在受精卵和魚苗的血清、肝、腎、肌肉和其它組織中蓄積[4]。Royal等將鯰魚(Ictalurus punctatus)放在孔雀石綠藥浴中,7 d內孔雀石綠從707 μg/kg降至17 μg/kg,無色孔雀石綠則從834 μg/kg降至451 μg/kg[5]。Alborali 等的試驗結果表明:在魚體的肌肉皮膚中,孔雀石綠的總含量的殘留時間較長,不易消去[6]。
但這些研究多集中在活體實驗動物的代謝上,對于冷凍樣品肌肉中的孔雀石綠殘留量影響的研究還未見相關報道。本實驗將研究鯉魚、鰻鱺、鱖魚在加入不同濃度的孔雀石綠標準樣品后,在不同冷凍貯藏時間下對孔雀石綠殘留量的影響,確定影響藥物降解的關鍵因子。為農業部實施城市例行監督檢測、產地地監督抽查、苗種監督檢測、農業部考核方案提供技術支持。
1 實驗材料
1.1 實驗樣品
冷凍空白鯉魚魚糜、冷凍空白鰻鱺魚糜、冷凍空白鱖魚魚糜,由農業部漁業環境及水產品質量監督檢驗測試中心(天津)業務室提供。
1.2 實驗儀器設備
參考文獻:
[1]
鄭宗林,向磊.我國水產藥物使用現狀分析[J].水產養殖,2002(4):363-39
[2] 穆迎春,邢麗紅,等 不同貯藏條件下孔雀石綠加標樣品降解研究[J].中國農學通報,2012 (28):83-89
[3] Culp SJ, et al. Metabolic changes occurring i nmice and rats fed LMG [A]. Proc 88th Ann Meeting of Am Soc for Cancer Research [C] .San Diego, 1997. 121-125
[4] PoeW E, Wilshon R P. Absorption of malachite green by channe l catfish [J] . Prog Fish Cult, 1983 (45) : 228-229
[5] Roybal J E, Denver C O, Pfenning A P, e t a.l Determination of malachite green and itsme tabolite, leucom a lachite green, in catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) tissue by liquid chrom atography with visible detection [J].J AOAC,1995( 78): 453-457
[6] Alborali L, Sangiorgi E, Leali M. The persistence of malachite green in the edible tissue of rain bow trout (Oncorhynchus my kiss) [J]. Aquaculture,1997,32:45-60
Different frozen storage times effect on malachite green residues in three kindy of fish muscles
GAO Lina1,CHEN Yongping2,MA Dan2,LI Chunqing2
(1.Tianjin Vniversity of science&Technology,Tianjin 300547;2.Quality of fishery Environment and Aquatic Products Supervision and Testing center,Ministry of Agriculture,Tianjin 300221,china
)
Abstract:Study of carp, eel, mandarin fish residues of malachite green in the effects of malachite green standard samples with different concentrations and at different frozen storage time. Three kinds of matrix, eel tissues are added in the carp leucomalachite green degradation rate is the slowest, mandarin fish, three times faster, matrix added with 10 μg/kg, 50 μg/kg,100 μg/kg, colored malachite green average degradation rate were 57.9%, 48%, 23% leucomalachite green average degradation rate were 46.6%, 43.4%, 19.8%, colored malachite green is colorless malachite green fast degradation of low concentration, high concentration fast degradation. In three kinds of matrix carp, eel, mandarin fish tissues colored and colorless malachite green degradation reaction are in line with the pseudo first order reaction kinetics. Analysis may be due to eel tissue more fat, the binding mode of the degradation of colored leucomalachite green.
Key words:Storage time; muscle; malachite green; residue
(收稿日期:2014-06-28)
Different frozen storage times effect on malachite green residues in three kindy of fish muscles
GAO Lina1,CHEN Yongping2,MA Dan2,LI Chunqing2
(1.Tianjin Vniversity of science&Technology,Tianjin 300547;2.Quality of fishery Environment and Aquatic Products Supervision and Testing center,Ministry of Agriculture,Tianjin 300221,china
)
Abstract:Study of carp, eel, mandarin fish residues of malachite green in the effects of malachite green standard samples with different concentrations and at different frozen storage time. Three kinds of matrix, eel tissues are added in the carp leucomalachite green degradation rate is the slowest, mandarin fish, three times faster, matrix added with 10 μg/kg, 50 μg/kg,100 μg/kg, colored malachite green average degradation rate were 57.9%, 48%, 23% leucomalachite green average degradation rate were 46.6%, 43.4%, 19.8%, colored malachite green is colorless malachite green fast degradation of low concentration, high concentration fast degradation. In three kinds of matrix carp, eel, mandarin fish tissues colored and colorless malachite green degradation reaction are in line with the pseudo first order reaction kinetics. Analysis may be due to eel tissue more fat, the binding mode of the degradation of colored leucomalachite green.
Key words:Storage time; muscle; malachite green; residue
(收稿日期:2014-06-28)
Different frozen storage times effect on malachite green residues in three kindy of fish muscles
GAO Lina1,CHEN Yongping2,MA Dan2,LI Chunqing2
(1.Tianjin Vniversity of science&Technology,Tianjin 300547;2.Quality of fishery Environment and Aquatic Products Supervision and Testing center,Ministry of Agriculture,Tianjin 300221,china
)
Abstract:Study of carp, eel, mandarin fish residues of malachite green in the effects of malachite green standard samples with different concentrations and at different frozen storage time. Three kinds of matrix, eel tissues are added in the carp leucomalachite green degradation rate is the slowest, mandarin fish, three times faster, matrix added with 10 μg/kg, 50 μg/kg,100 μg/kg, colored malachite green average degradation rate were 57.9%, 48%, 23% leucomalachite green average degradation rate were 46.6%, 43.4%, 19.8%, colored malachite green is colorless malachite green fast degradation of low concentration, high concentration fast degradation. In three kinds of matrix carp, eel, mandarin fish tissues colored and colorless malachite green degradation reaction are in line with the pseudo first order reaction kinetics. Analysis may be due to eel tissue more fat, the binding mode of the degradation of colored leucomalachite green.
Key words:Storage time; muscle; malachite green; residue
(收稿日期:2014-06-28)