海南吊羅山自然保護區土壤氮研究

王帥　李佳靈　王旭　 張曉琳　朱美玲　王文蕾　林燈　鄒耀進　梁卿雅　龍文興

摘 要 以海南吊羅山國家級自然保護區4種類型森林為研究對象，分析其氮含量、氮密度、氮分配及其中兩種類型森林氮密度隨坡向和海拔的分布狀況，以期反映吊羅山自然保護區的土壤氮分布特征，為吊羅山森林管理提出建議。結果如下： （1）吊羅山自然保護區土壤氮含量在不同樣地間和同一樣地不同層次間差異均較大，土壤氮含量空間異質性較大； （2）研究區0～100 cm層土壤整體氮密度為13.8 t/hm2， 高于全國平均和儋州橡膠林土壤氮密度，與霸王嶺熱帶山地雨林相比，吊羅山熱帶山地雨林原始林氮密度較高，次生林較低； （3）考慮氮密度和氮密度分配，為促進吊羅山森林資源的保護和生態價值的創造，在管理中投入的精力為熱帶山地雨林原始林>熱帶山地雨林次生林>熱帶低地雨林原始林>熱帶低地雨林次生林；（4）熱帶山地雨林次生林南坡氮密度最高，為18.491 t/hm2；東坡、北坡、西北坡之間差異不大，但顯著低于南坡； （5）熱帶山地雨林原始林海拔750～1 130 m間氮密度與海拔高度關系符合y=-6E-05x2+0.107 2x-32.275（R2=1）。

關鍵詞 低地雨林；山地雨林；原始林；次生林；氮含量；坡向；海拔

中圖分類號 S714 文獻標識碼 A

Soil Nitrogen of Diaoluoshan Natural Reserve in Hainan

WANG Shuai1，LI Jialing2，WANG Xu1，3*，ZHANG Xiaolin5，ZHU Meiling1

WANG Wenlei1，LIN Deng1，ZOU Yaojin1，LIANG Qingya1，LONG Wenxing5

1 College of Environment and Plant Protection， Hainan University， Haikou， Hainan 570228， China

2 Management Bureau of Hainan Wuzhishan Nature Reserve， Wuzhishan， Hainan572215，China

3 Danzhou Key Field Station of Observation and Research for Tropical Agricultural Resources

and Environments， Ministry of Agriculture， Danzhou， Hainan 571737， China

4 Hainan Shenzhou New Energy Construction & Development Co.， Ltd. Haikou， Hainan 571152， China

5 College of Horticulture and Landscapes， Hainan University ， Haikou， Hainan 570228， China

Abstract Fifteen plots distributed in primary tropical lowland rainforest， secondary tropical lowland rainforest，primary tropical Montana rainforest， secondary tropical Montana rainforest of Diaoluoshan National Nature Reserve （NNR）in Hainan were studied. The nitrogen concentration， nitrogen density and the allocation of the nitrogen of the soils were analyzed. The results were as follows： （1） The soil nitrogen concentration of the tropical lowland rainforest and tropical Montana rain forest varied greatly and soil nitrogen concentration had higher spatial heterogeneity； （2） The nitrogen density of 0-100cm soil layer was 13.8 t/hm2 in all studied areas， higher than the national average（13.1 t/hm2）and and that of rubber forests in Dan Zhou. Compared with Bawangling， NNR in the primary tropical Montana rainforests was higher， while that for the secondary tropical Montana rainforests was lower. （3） Based on the nitrogen density and the distribution of nitrogen density， to protect the region and make more ecological benefits， funds should be mainly invested in the primary tropical Montana rainforests， then the secondary tropical Montana rainforests， primary tropical lowland rainforests and secondary tropical lowland rainforests. （4）The nitrogen density for the south side of the secondary tropical lowland rainforests was 18.491 t/hm2， much more than that of other sides. （5）The nitrogen density had a relationship when altitude was 750 m to 1 130 m. The relationship could be described as： y=-6E-05x2+0.107 2x-32.275（R2=1）.

Key words Lowland rainforest； Montana rainforest； Primary forest； Secondary forest； Nitrogen concentration； Altitude

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.01.032

氮是一種大量營養元素，同時也最易耗竭，是限制植物生長的主要因子之一[1-2]。低海拔地區磷是限制植物生長的主要因子，隨著海拔升高，溫度和濕度發生變化，氮變成限制植物生長的主要因子[3-4]。土壤氮素的空間分布格局反映了土壤肥力狀況，同時也反映了可被植被利用的氮水平[5-6]。土壤氮……