“忽如一夜春風(fēng)來”,你的朋友圈有沒有被涂色書刷屏?據(jù)說滯銷多年的彩色鉛筆終于找到了銷路,紙質(zhì)書也在電子書面前徹底昂首挺胸了一回。以《秘密花園》為代表的成人涂色書驟然興起,讓大人們也開始玩起了曾經(jīng)只屬于孩子的游戲。不過,成人涂色書可不僅僅是為了滿足人們“返老還童”的愿望,安神養(yǎng)心、舒緩解壓之功效才是其真正的魅力所在。
Amazon’s Top 100 book list changes hourly, but there are a few mainstays right now: All the Light We Cannot See1), of course, and the unreleased Go Set a Watchman2). Oh, and two colouring books for grownups.
An artist named Johanna Basford pretty much owns two slots of the top seven books on Amazon, next to household names3) like Erik Larson4) and the omnipresent Dr. Phil5). But Basford’s books aren’t novels—they’re collections of black-and-white drawings. The artist, who graduated from design school in 2005 and is based in Scotland, has turned her lovely ink drawings into colouring books “for grownups.” And they’re wildly popular, selling millions of copies.
If you’re like me, you didn’t realize colouring for adults was a trend. What is it about these books that has made them so popular with adults? Basford told me that when she first pitched publishers the idea of a grownup colouring book four years ago, “colouring for adults wasn’t the trend it is now. You can imagine how quiet they went after I suggested it.”
But the book she ended up drawing has become a phenomenon: 2013’s Secret Garden: An Inky Treasure Hunt and Colouring Book is currently #2 on Amazon’s Top 100 and has sold 1.4 million copies. The followup, Enchanted Forest: An Inky Quest Colouring Book, is #6 right now. She’s working on a third. Why is colouring suddenly a craze amongst grownups?
For starters, The Guardian calls them “terribly therapeutic6).” User reviews on Amazon give us a glimpse, too:
I am an adult colourer or is it colourist??? Whatever, I love this book.
So relaxing to sit down with this book and my adult coloured pencils (Faber Castell7)) and just colour away to my heart’s content 8).
Not for children, but I love this book. Can be used for mandala9) like concentration.
Still, that doesn’t quite explain what motivates adults to colour rather than, say, draw or paint or just doodle. Is it about nostalgia? Or do stressed-out adults feel comforted by the infantilizing10) nature of returning to an activity for small children? Is it about ceding11) control of a task, or making something with zero pressure? Or is it something else entirely?
I asked Basford why she thinks the books have been so successful amongst fully-grown humans. She pointed to three reasons—first, that coloring books are a way for adults who don’t normally draw or paint to be creative. “A blank sheet of paper or an empty canvas can be daunting, but a colouring book acts as a bit of a buffer12) in this situation,” she says.
Second, colouring books don’t require anywhere near as much logical thought as, say, drawing a portrait. There are psychological benefits in zoning out13), too:
“I’ve heard from so many people ranging from lawyers, financial advisers, business owners and busy mums, all say the same thing: that colouring in helps them relax. Then there’s people who are recuperating14) from illness or dealing with a difficult time in their lives, they too find the calming, almost meditative effects of colouring is beneficial to them.”
And then there are the existential reasons. “Chances are the last time you spent some time colouring you didn’t have a mortgage, a horrible boss or worries about climate change,” Basford says.
What’s so striking about Secret Garden and Enchanted Forest is that they’ve managed to stay at the top of Amazon’s best seller list as physical books, alongside instant gratification vehicles that can be instantly downloaded and read. Basford hears that too: She points out that her books are an activity that can be done without the help of your wifi router. “It’s a chance to unplug, look away from the screens and do something analogue15) and fun,” she says.
There’s a game some of my friends like to play: What would you do if there was no internet? What would entertainment be? What would you do for fun, or to relax? It’s a horrifying idea for most of us, but as people chew on the question, they get excited. Just “doing nothing,” for most of us, means scrolling through Instagram or checking an app, even if it’s via the couch. Maybe Basford has plugged into a vast and unacknowledged desire to really, actually do nothing—to let the liminal16) brain take over, without the murmur of technology as an ever-present cognitive buffer.
Or maybe it’s a viral trend. Suit yourself17).
亞馬遜網(wǎng)站的圖書銷售百強(qiáng)榜每小時都會更新,但眼下卻出現(xiàn)了幾個“中流砥柱”:其中當(dāng)然有《所有我們看不見的光》,還有尚未出版的《設(shè)立守望者》(編注:英文原文發(fā)表于2015年3月28日)。對了,還有兩本給成年人的涂色書。
一位名叫喬漢娜·貝斯福的藝術(shù)家在亞馬遜圖書銷售榜的前七名中幾乎總能占據(jù)兩席,一同位列其中的是像埃里克·拉森和無所不在的菲爾博士這樣家喻戶曉的名字。但貝斯福的書并不是小說——只是一些黑白畫的圖冊。這位藝術(shù)家于2005年畢業(yè)于設(shè)計學(xué)院,目前生活在蘇格蘭。她將自己精美的鋼筆畫變成了“給成年人”的涂色書。這些涂色書大受歡迎,銷量達(dá)數(shù)百萬冊。
如果你和我一樣,你肯定也沒想到成人涂色會成為一種潮流。這些書究竟有什么魅力,可以在成年人中如此流行呢?貝斯福告訴我,四年前她第一次向出版社提出想要做一本針對成年人的涂色書,“那時成人涂色不像現(xiàn)在這樣流行。你可以想象我提出這個建議之后他們有多沉默”。
然而,她最終手繪完成的涂色書卻成了一個奇跡:2013年出版的《秘密花園:一本探索奇境的手繪涂色書》目前在亞馬遜圖書銷售百強(qiáng)榜上排名第二,已經(jīng)售出140萬冊。它的續(xù)作《魔法森林:一本探索秘境的手繪涂色書》目前排名第六。貝斯福正在創(chuàng)作她的第三本涂色書。為什么涂色突然間在成年人中掀起一股狂潮呢?
首先,《衛(wèi)報》認(rèn)為這些書“非常有治愈性”。我們還可以從亞馬遜網(wǎng)站上的用戶評論中窺見一斑:
我是個成人涂色者,或者叫涂色家???管他呢,我愛這本書。
拿著這本書和我的成人彩色鉛筆(輝柏嘉牌)坐下來,盡情地涂色,真是太讓人放松了。
這不是給孩子涂的書,但是我很喜歡。可以用作曼荼羅圖案來集中注意力。
不過,這還是無法解釋清楚是什么促使成年人選擇涂色而非其他活動,比如繪畫或僅僅是涂鴉。莫非是為了懷舊?還是說重溫小孩子的活動可以讓人回到兒時,讓壓力巨大的成年人感到安慰?是因為涂色意味著放棄對一項任務(wù)的控制,或是在毫無壓力的情況下做出點(diǎn)什么?又或者完全是其他原因?
我問貝斯福,在她看來,這些涂色書為何能在心智完全成熟的成年人中如此受歡迎。她指出了三點(diǎn)原因。首先,涂色書讓那些不常繪畫的成年人得以施展創(chuàng)意?!耙粡埧瞻椎募埢蚴且粡埧湛杖缫驳漠嫴伎赡軙屓送鴧s步,而涂色書在這種情況下則發(fā)揮了一種類似緩沖的作用?!彼f。
其次,涂色書不像其他活動(比如畫肖像畫)那樣需要很多邏輯思考。放空思緒對心理健康也大有裨益:
“我已經(jīng)收到了很多人的反饋,其中包括律師、金融顧問、企業(yè)主和忙碌的媽媽們。他們都表達(dá)了同樣的觀點(diǎn),那就是涂色可以幫助他們放松。還有一些人正處于疾病康復(fù)期或正在應(yīng)對生活中的困境,他們也發(fā)現(xiàn)涂色所帶來的平靜和幾乎像冥想一樣的效果令他們受益匪淺?!?/p>
此外,還有一些跟存在有關(guān)的原因。“你上一次花時間涂色時,恐怕還沒有房貸和討厭的老板,也沒有對氣候變化的擔(dān)憂?!必愃垢Uf。
《秘密花園》和《魔法森林》的驚人之處在于,它們竟然能以實體書的形式穩(wěn)居亞馬遜圖書暢銷榜的前列,與那些可以即刻下載閱讀并提供即時滿足的介質(zhì)比肩。貝斯福也了解這一情況,她指出,給她的書涂色是一項不需要無線路由器就可以進(jìn)行的活動?!叭藗兛梢越璐藱C(jī)會拔掉電源,把眼睛從屏幕上移開,做一些(和上網(wǎng))同樣有趣的事情?!彼f。
我的一些朋友喜歡玩一個游戲:假設(shè)沒有網(wǎng)絡(luò),你會做些什么?那時的娛樂活動會是什么?你會做什么來消遣或放松?對于我們中的大多數(shù)人來說,這是個可怕的設(shè)想,但細(xì)想一下這個問題,人們會變得興奮起來。對于大多數(shù)人而言,就算是躺在沙發(fā)上,“無所事事”也意味著瀏覽Instagram (編注:一款圖片分享軟件)或者刷應(yīng)用軟件。或許貝斯福觸及了人們那廣泛存在卻被忽視的愿望,那就是真正什么事都不做——讓大腦在最無意識的狀態(tài)下接管一切,不再讓技術(shù)充當(dāng)寸步不離的認(rèn)知緩沖帶。
又或許,涂色書只是一次病毒式的流行。隨你怎么想都行。
1.All the Light We Cannot See:《所有我們看不見的光》,美國作家安東尼·多爾(Anthony Doerr, 1973~)創(chuàng)作的以二戰(zhàn)為背景的小說,獲2015年普利策小說獎。
2.Go Set a Watchman:《設(shè)立守望者》,美國作家哈珀·李(Harper Lee, 1926~)的新作。哈珀·李是美國最重要的當(dāng)代作家之一,她在1960年發(fā)表《殺死一只知更鳥》(To Kill a Mockingbird)后再未出版任何著作,因此這部新作引起了高度關(guān)注。
3.household name:家喻戶曉的人(或物)
4.Erik Larson:埃里克·拉森(1954~),美國記者、非虛構(gòu)類文學(xué)作家,寫過多本暢銷書。
5.Dr. Phil:菲爾博士,原名菲利普·麥格勞(Phillip McGraw, 1950~),美國家喻戶曉的電視名人、心理學(xué)家、暢銷書作家
6.therapeutic [?θer??pju?t?k] adj. 使人放松的;治療性的
7.Faber Castell:輝柏嘉,德國文具品牌,始創(chuàng)于1761年,是歐洲最古老的工業(yè)企業(yè)之一。
8.to one’s heart’s content:盡情地;心滿意足地
9.mandala [?m?nd?l?] n. [宗] (佛教和印度教的)曼荼羅;任何象征宇宙的圖案,通常為圓形。
10.infantilize [?n?f?nt?la?z] vt. 使幼兒化
11.cede [si?d] vt. 割讓;交出
12.buffer [?b?f?(r)] n. 起緩沖作用的人(或物)
13.zone out:走神
14.recuperate [r??ku?p?re?t] vi. 復(fù)原,恢復(fù)
15.analogue [??n??l?ɡ] adj. 類似的,相似的
16.liminal [?l?m?n(?)l] adj. [心] [生理]閾的,閾限的。“閾限”是指外界引起有機(jī)體感覺的最小刺激量。
17.suit oneself:隨自己的意愿行事,自便