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“慢電視”潮流:電視的慢革命

2015-04-29 00:00:00ByStephanieMerry
新東方英語 2015年8期

在移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的時代,許多家庭中的電視已經(jīng)被束之高閣。然而,挪威人卻用他們的創(chuàng)意讓電視煥發(fā)了新的生命力。在挪威,“直播”的概念不只適用于綜藝節(jié)目和體育比賽,他們還直播火車旅行,直播郵輪航海,甚至直播木柴燃燒,直播織毛衣……這些單調(diào)而漫長的節(jié)目看似無聊,卻因?yàn)闋I造出一種身臨其境的感覺而吸引了大批觀眾。當(dāng)忙亂的生活越來越使人感覺疲憊,“慢電視”悄然興起,刮起了一股悠閑的風(fēng)。

Watching television has become an increasingly urgent hobby. The faster you power through the just-released season of House of Cards, the sooner you can get to Bosch, which you’ve heard is pretty good for a police procedural1), and besides, it’s only 10 episodes, so you can finish it by Wednesday, giving you just enough time to catch up on Game of Thrones before the season five premiere on 12 April.

Following the latest best series was once a leisurely activity. Not lazy, mind you, just slower. That word has its detractors2) (“I couldn’t get into it. It was so slow”), but not in Norway, where Slow TV has become a cultural phenomenon.

Norwegians have reclaimed television as relaxation. They’ll watch unedited footage of a train chugging3) for hours from Bergen to Oslo or a five-and-a-half day programme chronicling the MS Nordnorge’s voyage along the coast. Even “12 hours of nonstop knitting” is a selling point. There may not be much to rehash4) around the water cooler, and the clips won’t go viral, but the viewing experience is less harried5). Brawls6) don’t erupt over spoilers.

Maybe it’s time to add attention spans to the list of things Norwegians have that Americans don’t (along with fjords7), abundant happiness, gender equality and paid paternity leave). Or maybe not. Can Slow TV exist outside of Scandinavia8)? Do other cultures have the endurance to find pleasure in the monotony of handicrafts and burning logs?

“I don’t think we are particularly stupid or weird in Norway to like this sort of thing,” said Thomas Hellum, a Slow TV pioneer and production manager at Norway’s public broadcaster, NRK. “I think really it could work in other countries.”

Networks in England and the US are aiming to find out. First up, BBC Four Goes Slow is testing England’s patience this spring. Then the American LMNO Productions has plans to launch Slow TV shows in the US, although in the midst of signing contracts, the company president isn’t ready to divulge9) details. (For those in a hurry to check it out, Slow TV is also available on the Pluto TV website and app, and the Norwegian shows can be found on YouTube.)

They might pick up some tips from NRK, which spurred the unexpected trend in 2007 thanks mainly to happenstance10). The idea came up during lunch one day among producers of a documentary about a railway in Norway, the Bergen Line. It would be a shame to waste the extra footage, they reasoned, so why not air the whole journey, free of editing?

Hellum floated11) the idea to his editors, and, as he recalls, there was confusion at first, quickly followed by laughter, and then contemplation. “They turned the question into: ‘What will NRK risk by not doing this?’” Hellum said. “Because we want to be innovative, we want to surprise people and make new things.”

The show certainly has a novel feel. A camera is positioned on the front of the train as it glides along a ribbon of track through tunnels and under bridges, over a landscape that changes from snowy to grassy. A lake might materialise12) on occasion or the voice of the conductor announcing the next station, but largely the scenes are just simple, repetitive and, ultimately, meditative.

Hellum didn’t have high expectations. Maybe a couple of thousand railway enthusiasts would tune in. Instead, 1.6 million Norwegians watched part of the broadcast. Not bad, considering the population of Norway is 5 million.

Viewers flooded social media to discuss the show. One man even claimed that at the end of the line, he stood up to collect his baggage only to realise he was in his living room, Hellum recounted with a hint of pride.

Hellum then got the go-ahead13) to shoot Hurtigruten: Minute by Minute, a boat voyage that clocks in14) at 134 hours and 42 minutes. This time, the broadcast aired live, turning it into a national event. Coastal residents greeted the ship as it sailed by and tried to clinch five seconds of fame. People were captured patriotically waving flags and holding signs with messages to loved ones. And viewership soared, with 3.2 million tuning in to watch.

Since then, there has been National Wood Night (a detailed discussion on the best way to stack wood followed by a fire), Piip-Show (little birds flitting15) around a tiny fake coffee shop for hours) and a broadcast of 899 hymns16).

The phenomenon has been ridiculed by US television personalities Stephen Colbert17) and Jimmy Kimmel18), among others. The jokes are to be expected. After all, what’s the appeal? Hellum has some ideas: The shows are soothing and tend to be social events. You can keep them on while chatting. Slow TV may be the antidote to our daily go-go-go.

With Slow TV, art and pop culture begin to blur, which is why putting the programming on BBC4 in England makes sense. The channel, which is commercial-free, like NRK, exists for experimentation. Channel editor Cassian Harrison plans to air a two-hour canal journey, the three-hour documentary National Gallery and the mini-series Make, three 30-minute depictions of craftsmanship without commentary.

Harrison has no idea who, if anyone, will watch the shows, but he’s encouraged by the success at NRK. As a former film editor, he’s also interested in the way the shows “unfold in their own time, at their own pace.”

In a sense, we viewers become the editor, taking it all in and deciding what’s fascinating and what’s not, what touches us on some subconscious level and what’s worth overlooking. And—who’s to say?—maybe there will be a surprise along the way.

As Hellum puts it: “Probably nothing much will happen in the next hour, but you never know!”

看電視已經(jīng)成為一種越來越“急”的消遣。你越快看完剛剛發(fā)布的新一季《紙牌屋》,就可以越早開始看《波什》,聽說那是一部相當(dāng)不錯的警探劇,而且只有十集,因此你可以在周三之前就全部看完,這樣在4月12日《權(quán)力的游戲》第五季首播之前(編注:英文原文發(fā)表于4月3日),你就有足夠的時間補(bǔ)上它之前的劇集了。

追看最新出品的最佳劇集曾經(jīng)是一種悠閑自在的活動。請注意,不是懶散,只是慢一些。“慢”這個字不乏其詆毀者(“我看不進(jìn)去,節(jié)奏太慢了”),但在挪威,情況有所不同。在那里,“慢電視”已經(jīng)成為一種文化現(xiàn)象。

挪威人讓電視重新成為一種休閑方式。他們會收看未經(jīng)剪輯的長鏡頭,內(nèi)容是一趟火車在幾個小時內(nèi)嘎嚓嘎嚓地從卑爾根市開到奧斯陸,或者一個為期五天半的實(shí)錄“北挪威號”郵輪沿岸航行的節(jié)目。甚至“12小時不間斷編織”都能成為賣點(diǎn)。這些節(jié)目沒有太多可供人們在飲水機(jī)旁評論的內(nèi)容,節(jié)目片段也不會像病毒一樣傳播,但是人們在收看時卻更少被煩擾,也不會因?yàn)閯⊥付l(fā)爭吵。

挪威人擁有美國人沒有的一些東西(包括峽灣、充足的幸福感、男女平等以及帶薪陪產(chǎn)假),也許現(xiàn)在也該把注意力持續(xù)時間加入到其中了。又或許還沒到時候。“慢電視”在斯堪的納維亞半島之外能存活嗎?身處其他文化的人能耐著性子在單調(diào)乏味的手工活和燃燒的木柴上找到樂趣嗎?

“我覺得在挪威,人們喜歡這類東西并不能說是特別愚蠢或怪異,”挪威公共廣播公司NRK (挪威國家廣播公司)“慢電視”的先行者和制片人托馬斯·赫呂姆說,“我真心覺得它同樣可以風(fēng)靡于別的國家。”

英國和美國的廣播電視網(wǎng)正打算一探究竟。首先,《BBC4慢下來》(編注:英國廣播公司電視四臺推出的“慢電視”系列節(jié)目)將在今春考驗(yàn)英國人的耐心。之后,美國LMNO制作公司也計(jì)劃在美國推出“慢電視”節(jié)目,雖然在簽署合同期間,公司總裁不愿透露細(xì)節(jié)(那些急于先睹為快的人可以在Pluto電視網(wǎng)站和應(yīng)用軟件中收看“慢電視”節(jié)目,YouTube視頻網(wǎng)站上也可以找到挪威的電視節(jié)目)。

他們或許可以從NRK得到些許借鑒。2007年,NRK的推動促成了這股令人意外的風(fēng)潮,而這一切主要都源自機(jī)緣巧合。一天,一部紀(jì)錄片的制片人們在共進(jìn)午餐時產(chǎn)生了這個想法。那部紀(jì)錄片介紹的是挪威的一條鐵路—卑爾根線。他們分析,多余的鏡頭浪費(fèi)掉太可惜了,那為什么不干脆不做任何剪輯,將整個旅程播放出去呢?

赫呂姆將這個想法告訴了剪輯師。據(jù)他回憶,他們起初感到困惑,很快又大笑起來,隨后陷入了沉思。“他們把問題變成了:‘如果不這樣做,NRK會有什么風(fēng)險?’”赫呂姆說,“因?yàn)槲覀兿胍兴鶆?chuàng)新,我們想給人驚喜,創(chuàng)造新事物。”

這個節(jié)目當(dāng)然帶給人耳目一新的感覺。一部攝像機(jī)被安置在火車前面,隨著火車沿帶狀鐵路行駛,鉆過隧道,穿過大橋,路上的風(fēng)景從白雪皚皚變成綠草如茵。有時可能會突然出現(xiàn)一片湖水,或傳來列車員報站的聲音,但大部分情況下景色都是簡單、重復(fù)的,最終也是引人沉思的。

赫呂姆當(dāng)時沒有太高的預(yù)期。或許會有幾千個鐵路愛好者收看。與他的預(yù)期相反,160萬挪威人都收看了這個節(jié)目的部分內(nèi)容。鑒于挪威總?cè)丝诓?00萬,這是個不錯的成績。

觀眾們紛紛在社交媒體上討論這個節(jié)目。有一個人甚至聲稱在火車到達(dá)終點(diǎn)站時,他站起來去拿自己的行李,卻意識到身處自家客廳。赫呂姆在講述這件事時帶著些許自豪的意味。

之后赫呂姆獲準(zhǔn)拍攝了《海達(dá)路德:分分秒秒》—一段時長為134小時42分鐘的航行旅程。這一次,節(jié)目采用直播的形式,這讓它變成了一個全國性的事件。沿海居民在輪船經(jīng)過的時候向其致意,努力抓住五秒鐘的露臉機(jī)會。鏡頭中的人們充滿愛國熱情地?fù)]舞著旗幟,舉著牌子向心愛的人們傳情達(dá)意。收視人數(shù)激增,有320萬人收看了這個節(jié)目。

自那以后,又出現(xiàn)了《全國木柴夜》(詳細(xì)討論堆疊木柴的最佳方法,之后點(diǎn)火)、《唧唧秀》(幾只小鳥在一個小小的假咖啡店里飛來飛去幾個小時),以及一個播放899首圣歌的節(jié)目。

這種現(xiàn)象遭到了美國電視名人的嘲弄,其中包括斯蒂芬·科爾伯特和吉米·基梅爾。這些笑談是意料之中的。畢竟,這樣的節(jié)目有什么吸引力?赫呂姆有自己的看法:這些節(jié)目令人放松,往往也能讓人參與社交活動。你可以邊聊天邊收看。“慢電視”也許是我們每天快節(jié)奏生活的解藥。

有了“慢電視”,藝術(shù)和流行文化之間的界線開始模糊,這就是為什么在英國的BBC4播出這類節(jié)目是合乎情理的。與NRK一樣,這個頻道不插播廣告,其存在的意義就是為了試驗(yàn)。該頻道編輯卡西安·哈里森計(jì)劃播出一個時長為兩小時的運(yùn)河之旅、一個時長為三小時的紀(jì)錄片《國家美術(shù)館》,以及迷你系列片《制作》—這是三段時長分別為30分鐘的手工藝展示節(jié)目,沒有評述內(nèi)容。

哈里森不知道誰會收看這些節(jié)目—如果有人收看的話。但是NRK的成功鼓舞了他。作為曾經(jīng)的電影剪輯師,他也很有興趣讓這些節(jié)目“按照自己的時間、以自己的節(jié)奏展開”。

從某種意義上說,我們觀眾成了剪輯師:全盤接收,然后決定哪里引人入勝,哪里乏善可陳,哪里在某種潛意識層面中觸動了自己,哪里可以忽略不看。而且—誰能夠斷言呢?—也許這一過程中會有驚喜出現(xiàn)。

正如赫呂姆所說:“在接下來的一個小時里,或許不會有什么事情發(fā)生,但世事難料!”

1.police procedural:(從警方偵查案件的角度鋪敘的)警察疑案作品

2.detractor [d??tr?kt?(r)] n. 詆毀者,貶低者

3.chug [t??ɡ] vi. 發(fā)嘎嚓聲;發(fā)著嘎嚓聲行駛

4.rehash [?ri??h??] vt. 重復(fù)談?wù)摚皇潞笤u論(演出等)

5.harry [?h?ri] vt. (不斷)煩擾;使苦惱

6.brawl [br??l] n. (亂哄哄的)爭吵;打架

7.fjord [?fi???(r)d] n. (尤指挪威海岸邊的)峽灣

8.Scandinavia:斯堪的納維亞(包括北歐的挪威、瑞典、丹麥,有時還包括芬蘭、冰島和法羅群島)

9.divulge [da??v?ld?] vt. 泄露(秘密等)

10.happenstance [?h?p?n?st?ns] n.〈美〉偶然情況;偶發(fā)事件;巧合

11.float [fl??t] vt. 建議;提出(建議等)

12.materialise [m??t??ri?la?z] vi. 突然出現(xiàn)

13.go-ahead:許可,放行信號

14.clock in:(用自動計(jì)時鐘)記錄上班時間

15.flit [fl?t] vi. (鳥、蝙蝠等)輕快地飛;(鳥)振翼

16.hymn [h?m] n. [宗]贊美詩,圣歌

17.Stephen Colbert:斯蒂芬·科爾伯特(1964~),美國喜劇演員,脫口秀節(jié)目《科爾伯特報告》(The Colbert Report)主持人,艾美獎獲得者

18.Jimmy Kimmel:吉米·基梅爾(1967~),脫口秀節(jié)目《吉米·基梅爾現(xiàn)場秀》(Jimmy Kimmel Live!)主持人

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