閱讀理解分值大 精泛并舉效果佳

一、考綱解讀

1. 考試說明。

（1）考試要求：閱讀能力是語言學習最重要的能力之一。在外語學習過程中，閱讀文章是我國學生接觸外語的最主要途徑，因此，閱讀理解的測試在試卷中占權重較大，約占整個卷面總分的27%（其中廣東占30%）。

該部分要求考生讀懂熟悉書、報、雜志中關于一般性話題的簡短文段以及公告、說明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關信息。考生應能：

①理解主旨要義

②理解文中具體信息

③根據上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義

④作出判斷和推理

⑤理解文章的基本結構

⑥理解作者的意圖、觀點和態度

（2）試卷結構：試卷題目數、計分和時間安排如下：

閱讀理解安排在第二部分，緊跟在聽力之后，這是2014年由于將語法測試的單項填空題改為語篇型語法填空題后才做的調整，過去一直安排在完形填空題之后。本部分共兩節，測試考生閱讀理解書面英語的能力。

第一節：共15小題，每小題2分。要求考生根據所提供短文的內容（不少于900詞），從每題所給的4個選項中選出最佳選項。

第二節：共5小題，每小題2分。在一段約300詞的短文中留出5個空白，要求考生從所給的7個選項中選出最佳選項，使補足后的短文意思通順、前后連貫。

本部分所需時間約為35分鐘。

2. 樣題分析。

以2015年的高考英語試題作為樣題是最具有參考價值的，從理論上講，與2016年的高考題是最接近的。下面就對樣題進行分析，以便大家了解命題規律和命題趨勢。

第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節，滿分 40 分）

第一節 （共 15 小題；每小題 2 分，滿分 30 分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、和 D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

A

Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum

Our monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21：00.

November 7th

The Canal Pioneers， by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”.

December 5th

Ice for the Metropolis， by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers， there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering， Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells， and how London’s ice trade grew.

February 6th

An Update on the Cotsword Canals， by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.

March 6th

Eyots and Aits - Thames Islands， by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.

Online bookings：www.canalmuseum.org.uk/book

More into：www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatson

London Canal Museum

12-13 New Wharf Road， London NI 9RT

www.canalmuseum.org.uk www.canalmuseum.mobi

Tel： 020 77130836

21. When is the talk on James Brindley？

A. November 7th. B. March 6th.

C. February 6th. D. December 5th.

22. What is the topic of the talk in February？

A. The Canal Pioneers.

B. Ice for the Metropolis.

C. Eyots and Aits — Thames Islands.

D. An Update on the Cotsword Canals.

23. Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames？

A. Chris Lewis. B. Malcolm Tucker.

C. Miranda Vickers.D. Liz Payne.

內容概要：本文講述倫敦運河博物館每月舉辦的演講，主要介紹了11月，12月，2月和3月的演講，涵蓋演講主題、演講人介紹和講演的內容。文章最后給出了運河博物館的地址、網址和聯系方式。

B

The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter，so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota，Florida，my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C（維生素 C），thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air，I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools，wine tasting，and pink sunsets （at normal evening hours，not 4 in the afternoon）filled the weekend，but the best part — particularly to my taste，dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables — was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.

The market，which was founded in 1979，sets up its tents every Saturday from 7∶00 am to 1 p.m.，rain or shine，along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries，the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck； and most of all，the tomatoes： amazing，large，soft and round red tomatoes.

Disappointed by many a broken，vine-ripened（蔓上成熟的） promise，I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store，once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry，hard，and tasteless. But I homed in，with uncertainty，on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand，full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal — and at that moment，I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months.

Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight，my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty，a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton，where — luckily for me — I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu，I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it.

24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York？

A. Exciting. B. Boring. C. Relaxing. D. Annoying.

25. What made the author’s getting up late early worthwhile？

A. Having a swim.

B. Breathing in fresh air.

C. Walking in the morning sun.

D. Visiting a local farmer’s market.

26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter？

A. They are soft. B. They look nice.

C. They taste great. D. They are juicy.

27. What was the author going to do that evening？

A. Go to a farm. B. Check into a hotel.

C. Eat in a restaurant. D. Buy fresh vegetables.

內容概要：文章主要講述作者從紐約到弗羅里達州的薩塔索塔過冬，期間參觀了格魯夫農場，品嘗了美味多汁的番茄，與紐約看似光鮮，實則干癟無味的番茄形成鮮明對比，因此給作者留下了深刻的印象。

C

Salvador Dali （1904-1989） was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings， sculptures， drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces， most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938， works on paper， objects， and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.

The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning， the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.

The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities （無限）. “From the infinity small to the infinity large， contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus： amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras，” explains the Pompidou Centre.

The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration（合作） with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid， Spain， and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg.

28. Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1？

A. Optimistic. B. Productive.

C. Generous. D. Traditional.

29. What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be？

A. One of his masterworks.

B. A successful screen adaptation.

C. An artistic creation for the stage.

D. One of the beat TV programmes.

30. How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali？

A. By popularity. B. By importance.

C. By size and shape. D. By time and subject.

31. What does the word“contributions”in the last paragraph refer to？

A. Donations. B. Projects.

C. Artworks. D. Documents.

內容概要：本篇文章主要介紹為紀念薩爾瓦多達利，這位世界最著名的現代藝術家，巴黎蓬皮社藝術中心展出他的200多幅繪畫作品包括油畫、雕像和素描。

D

Conflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening， as on every Thursday night， psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes， coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers — some thirty Parisians who pay just under ￥2 （plus drinks） per session — care quick to intellectualize （高談闊論），slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say‘one feels，’ or ‘people think’，” Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think，’ ‘Think me’.”

A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed？It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself： It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years， Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle — longer working hours， a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology， history， and engineering are catching on， filling tables well into the evening.

The city’s“psychology cafes”，which offer great comfort， are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers， retirees， and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love， anger， and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There’s a strong need in Paris for communication，” says Maurice Frisch， a café La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in nearby church. “Peaple have few real friends. And they need to open up”. Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives， these cafes wouldn’t exist，” she says. “If life weren’t a battle， people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But then， it wouldn’t be France.

32. What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope？

A. Learn a new subject

B. Keep in touch with friends.

C. Show off their knowledge.

D. Express their true feelings.

33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes？

A. They are less frequently visited.

B. They stay open for longer hours.

C. They have bigger night crowds.

D. They start to serve fast food.

34. What are theme cafes expected to do？

A. Create more jobs. B. Supply better drinks.

C. Save the cafe business. D. Serve the neighborhood.

35. Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris？

A. They bring people true friendship.

B. They give people spiritual support.

C. They help people realize their dreams.

D. They offer a platform for business links.

內容概要：巴黎的La Chope咖啡館是一家心理理療咖啡館，這家咖啡館里提供專業的心理專家，在享受咖啡的同時，客人可以與心理學家暢所欲言，說出自己內心最真實的想法。法國人較長的工作時間，不健康的快餐飲食文化和年輕人宅文化都讓人與人之間缺少實質的交流，這也促使了越來越多的心理理療咖啡館的應運而生。

第二節 （共 5 小題，每小題 2 分，滿分 10 分）

根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Building Trust in a Relationship Again

Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

Unfortunately， we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from， lied to， misled， or cheated on， there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust any more. 37 It’s understandable， but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again， we have some steps you can take to get you there.

38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.

39 If you’ve been betrayed， you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives， we’ll have our trust tested or violated.

You didn’t lose“everything”. Once trust is lost， what is left？ Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle， look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead， it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

A. Learn to really trust yourself.

B. It is putting confidence in someone.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

E. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.

F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

G. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.

內容概要：人與人之間的信任非常重要，但是人們也常常遭受到背叛，而不再相信別人。介紹了有幾種方法可以幫助人們重建信任。

3. 命題規律。

閱讀理解部分共分兩節：第一節是常見的四選一題型，共4篇短文，第二節為七選五題型，文章的長度與前面的四篇差不多。通過對近幾年的高考試卷的分析，我們總結出以下五個規律：

規律一：閱讀量大。

閱讀理解總詞匯量近兩年來已經達到了1900多個單詞，2013年以前，閱讀的總詞匯量在1800多個詞，很明顯，文章的長度有一定程度上的增加，這樣傳遞的信息量更大，要求考生加快閱讀速度，確保有效時間內最大限度地獲取信息。

規律二： 體裁全面。

閱讀文章的體裁基本上涵蓋了記敘文、說明文、議論文和應用文。考查的重點除了獲取細節或事實性信息外，還涉及到邏輯推理、概括總結和揣測作者的寫作意圖或觀點態度等，注重對語篇整體意義、邏輯關系和內在連貫等綜合閱讀能力的把握。

規律三 ：題材廣泛。

選材廣泛，內容豐富，更多地關注與當今社會、生活、科技、文化、教育等相關的話題。話題涵蓋日常生活、人物傳記、風土人情、故事傳說、社會文化、政治經濟、科技發展、自然現象、新聞報道、體育活動、廣告說明、書信通知、娛樂休閑等許多方面的內容。話題之豐富體現了高考對學生了解多元文化的要求，培養基本的跨文化交際的意識和能力。

規律四 ：材料新穎。

一般來說，幾乎每一篇文章都來自英美等國的書刊報或知名的權威網站，內容新、語言地道，近幾年選材更加生活化，文中含有一些英語國家的文化背景知識，更多地體現人文關懷、人生哲理、生活態度、跨文化交際、做事能力等，時代感和教育意義很強。重視熱點問題，追蹤科技前沿，具有濃厚的時代氣息，使閱讀活動更貼近實際生活。

規律五：偏重理解。

事實細節題和推理判斷題在閱讀理解里占有較大的比重，共約占閱讀理解題的60%。盡管事實細節題比例很大，實際上也同樣需要推理判斷才能夠得出具體的確切信息。近幾年來，閱讀理解題非常注重考生的語篇整體理解能力，如增加了“7選5”的邏輯結構題，考查考生綜合利用有效信息解決實際問題的能力，符合課程標準和考試大綱的目標與要求。

4. 命題趨勢。

高考命題整體上為“保持平穩，穩中有變”，就閱讀理解而言，未來幾年內題型仍然不會有變化，但我們可以根據近幾年高考命題的規律從以下幾個方面推測未來的趨勢。

（1）詞匯趨勢：盡管試題保持平穩，但在閱讀量上可能會有所變化，最近這兩年閱讀的詞匯量已經超過1900個詞，明顯比早幾年高出約100個詞，未來也有可能閱讀的總詞匯量會逐年增加，有可能達到2000個詞甚至更多。

（2）考點趨勢：表層理解題（事實細節題）有所減少，深層理解題（推理判斷題）有所增加，這樣會更加有效地區別優秀考生和一般考生，有利于高校選拔人才。

（3）體裁趨勢：四種常用體裁兼有，議論文或說明文偏重，7選5題目里同樣也會出現議論文，因此，平時閱讀時，注意閱讀各種文體的文章，了解它們各自的用詞特點、結構特點和寫作風格。

（4）話題趨勢：文章的話題會更加貼近學生，貼近生活，貼近時代，考生會感覺很親近，很熟悉，而且通過閱讀，獲得新的信息和精神上的愉悅，考試的題目也能夠成為考生的“精神食糧”，實乃命題的最高境界。

（5）設題趨勢：設題形式更具多樣化，不僅有文字表述，而且會出現符號、圖形或結構圖等。未來高考英語命題也有可能改變或增加閱讀理解的題型，或許讓閱讀與寫作有機地結合起來。

二、備考策略

在復習階段，教師和學生一定要注意訓練的方法，以下是根據我的教學經驗總結出的一些做法，希望對大家能夠起到借鑒作用。

1. 閱讀與詞匯相結合。

每天至少快速閱讀2篇英語文章。最好找文章前列有與文中相關難詞的材料，如果考生在閱讀前先復習相關難詞，在閱讀中能見到這些難詞，對這些難詞的掌握就可以得到進一步的鞏固。另外，也不會因為查詞典而耽誤時間，閱讀的效率會大大提高。在閱讀中若仍遇到“生詞”，要結合上下文去推斷其大概意思，在閱讀后將這些“生詞”抄出來及時復習。

2. 精讀與泛讀相結合。

整個復習階段始終要以課本為本，課本里的文章要精讀，在充分理解的基礎上，反復大聲朗讀，直到能夠背誦為止。精讀的目的是為了更好地掌握英語詞匯、語法和句型結構，甚至篇章結構，為語言的運用特別是寫作打下堅實的基礎。僅僅精讀是不夠的，因為語言的學習需要一定量的輸入，才能保證輸出的質量。所以，課后，要加強泛讀，泛讀不局限于做閱讀理解題或做模擬試題，而是廣泛地閱讀你實際生活中接觸到的任何英語材料，如英文報紙、小說、名人演講、廣告、宣傳手冊、布告、產品說明書等，現在網絡如此發達，網上的東西則是海量資源，我們要有選擇地去閱讀我們感興趣，或對我們有用的東西，或我們能夠讀得懂的材料。這樣，“精”“泛”并舉，我們的閱讀理解能力就會得到很大提高，同時，閱讀的速度也會加快，如同英美人一樣，到最終閱讀已經成為你的一種生活習慣，通過閱讀獲取知識和信息，那么，考試也就不會產生任何困難。

3. 閱讀與寫作相結合。

課文或文章閱讀后，可以將要求回答的問題答案寫下來，訓練基本的寫句子能力，還可以寫文章概要（Summary）或改寫或縮寫，這些都是讀寫結合的好方法。在實際生活中，你結交了一些英語國家的朋友或非英語國家的朋友，通過電子郵件交流，當你閱讀對方的電子郵件后，你必須用英語回復，這樣讀寫也就自然結合起來了。這種現實生活中運用英語的機會還是比比皆是。所以，只要學以致用，英語語言的學習就會變得更容易，不為考試所困，不為考試所迷惑，反而輕松應對考試，使自己最后一年的中學校園生活過得很正常和很愉快。

三、考題類型

四、常考話題

高考閱讀理解文章常涉及以下10個話題。

話題1：人物傳記

2010年高考全國新課標卷I閱讀理解D篇

There were smiling children all the way. Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway，wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was moved.

I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car， so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.

It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore， so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city， I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight. Immediately I came alive； I decided to wave back.

From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time.

The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3∶00 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrived with a smile， I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug（擁抱）. I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car.

I looked forward to the return journey.

1. The author expected the train trip to be ________.

A. adventurous B. pleasant C. exciting D. dull

2. What did the author remember most fondly of her train trip？

A. The friendly country people.

B. The mountains along the way.

C. The crowds of people in the streets.

D. The simple lunch served on the train.

3. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word“relish”in the second paragraph？

A. choose B. enjoy C. prepare for D. carry on

4. Where was the writer going？

A. Johore Baru. B. The Causeway.

C. Butterworth. D. Singapore.

5. What can we learn from the story？

A. Comfort in traveling by train.

B. Pleasure of living in the country.

C. Reading gives people delight.

D. Smiles brighten people up.

內容概要：微笑能夠讓人高興，能夠使人心情愉悅，作者從中受益匪淺。

2013年高考全國新課標卷I閱讀理解C篇

It happened to me recently. I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama’s Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President. A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was， in his words， “a brilliantly （精彩地） written book”. However， he then went on to talk about Mr. Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.

And it seems that my friend is not the only one. Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven’t. In the World Book Day’s “Report on Guilty Secrets”， Dreams From My Father is at number 9. The report lists ten books， and various authors， which people have lied about reading， and as I’m not one to lie too often （I’d hate to be caught out）， I’ll admit here and now that I haven’t read the entire top ten. But I am pleased to say that， unlike 42 percent of people， I have read the book at number one， George Orwell’s 1984. I think it’s really brilliant.

The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it. It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen， Charles Dickens， Fyodor Dostoevsky （I haven’t read him， but haven’t lied about it either） and Herman Melville.

Asked why they lied， the most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to. This could be tricky if the conversation became more in–depth！

But when asked which authors they actually enjoy， people named J. K. Rowling， John Grisham， Sophie Kinsella （ah， the big sellers， in other words）. Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story （I’ll come clean： I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so）.

6. How did the author find his friend a book liar？

A. By judging his manner of speaking.

B. By looking into his background.

C. By mentioning a famous name.

D. By discussing the book itself.

7. Which of the following is a“guilty secret”according to the World Book Day report？

A. Charles Dickens is very low on the top-ten list.

B. 42% of people pretended to have read 1984.

C. The author admitted having read 9 books.

D. Dreams From My Father is hardly read.

8. By lying about reading， a person hopes to .

A. control the conversation B. appear knowledgeable

C. learn about the book D. make more friends

9. What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers？

A. Favorable. B. Uncaring. C. Doubtful. D. Friendly.

內容概要：作者通過與朋友談論巴拉克·奧巴馬的《我父親的夢想》這本書，發現大約有三分之二的人曾撒謊說他們讀過某本書。

話題2：學校與教育

2012年高考全國新課標卷I閱讀理解D篇

Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle， twinkle， little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

One explanation is the law of overlearning， which can be stated as follows： Once we have learned something， additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it

In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming， bicycle riding， and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle， twinkle， little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables （乘法口訣表） are an exception to the general rule. that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school， because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

The law of overlearning explains why cramming （突擊學習） for an examination， though it may result in a passing grade， is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming， a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination， but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning， on the other hand， is really necessary for one’s future development.

1. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1？

A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.

B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.

C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.

D. Stories for children are easy to remember.

2. The author explains the law of overlearning by ________.

A. presenting research findings

B. setting down general rules

C. making a comparison

D. using examples

3. According to the author，being able to use multiplication tables is ________.

A. a result of overlearning

B. a special case of cramming

C. a skill to deal with math problems

D. a basic step towards advanced studies

4. What is the author’s opinion on cramming？

A. It leads to failure in college exams.

B. It’s helpful only in a limited way.

C. It’s possible to result in poor memory.

D. It increases students’learning interest.

內容概要：成年人常常驚嘆他們能記得兒時學過的東西，作者認為這是兒童時期過度學習的結果，是因為當我們兒時學會一樣東西的時候，我們不是就此停止，而是繼續學習，才使我們記憶深刻。文章用“例證法”說明了過度學習的概念。最后還談到了過度學習的好處和突擊學習的弊端。

2014年高考全國新課標卷I閱讀理解A篇

The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge

Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge！

The Cambridge Science Festival（CSF）is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites，even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity how it inspires them to explore their world.

Students are being dared to draw a picture， write an article， take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge， all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival， MIT Museum， 265 Mass Avenue.

Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday， April 21st. Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will exhibited and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in celebration and brunch will be served.

Between March 10th and March 15h， each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at： http：// cambridgesciencefestival.org.

5. Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge？

A. School students. B. Cambridge locals.

C. CSF winners. D. MIT artists.

6. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held？

A. On February 8th. B. On March 10th.

C. On March 15th. D. On April 21 st.

7. What type of writing is this text？

A. An exhibition guide. B. An art show review.

C. An announcement. D. An official report.

內容概要：這是一篇應用文，為第六屆劍橋科技節的通知。

話題3：飲食與健康

2008年高考全國新課標卷II閱讀理解D篇

Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines， say UK researchers.

Their study found that theobromine， found in cocoa， was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine， which was considered the best cough medicine at present.

The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful it can have a major effect on the quality of life， and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem，” said Professor Peter Barnes.

Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine， codeine or placebo， a pill that contains no medicine， during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin， which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicines are stopping coughs.

The team found that， when the volunteers were given theobromine， the capsaicin need to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.

The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity（神經活動）， which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments， theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.

1. According to Professor Barnes， theobromine ______.

A. cannot be as effective as codeine

B. can be harmful to people’s health

C. cannot be separated from chocolate

D. can be a more effective cure for coughs

2. What was used in the experiment to cause coughing？

A. Theobromine. B. Codeine. C. Capsaicin. D. Placebo.

3. We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment _____.

A. were patients with bad coughs

B. were divided into the three groups

C. received standard treatments

D. suffered little side effects

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the text？

A. Codeine： A New Medicine

B. Chocolate May Cure Coughs

C. Cough Treatment： A Hard Case

B. Theobromine Can Cause Coughs

內容概要：巧克力里某種成分可以治療咳嗽，或用來制造更有效的藥物。

B

2008年高考北京卷閱讀理解E篇

The Diet Zone：A Dangerous Place

Diet Coke， diet Pepsi， diet pills， no-fat diet， vegetable diet... We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically（身體上）.

Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level， we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight， but in controlling the consumption of fatty， high-calorie， unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale（秤）instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.

On another level， diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink， we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain， and that life can be without resistance and struggle.

The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us， but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients（營養成分）. Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional， and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.

Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us， it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds， not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this， we will be much better able to resist diet products， and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.

5. From Paragraph 1， we learn that ________.

A. diet products fail to bring out people’s potential

B. people have difficulty in choosing diet products

C. diet products are misleading people

D. people are fed up with diet products

6. One psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to _____.

A. try out a variety of diet foods

B. hesitate before they enjoy diet foods

C. pay attention to their own eating habits

D. watch their weight rather than their diet

7. In Paragraph 3，“gain comes without pain” probably means ______.

A. losing weight is effortless

B. it costs a lot to lose weight

C. diet products bring no pain

D. diet products are free from calories

8. Diet products indirectly harm people physically because such products ______.

A. are over-consumed B. lack basic nutrients

C. are short of chemicals D. provide too much energy

9. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？

內容概要：各種名目繁多的節食保健品實際上對人的身心都造成極大的傷害。

話題4：假日與旅游

2010年高考全國新課標卷I閱讀理解A篇

Shakespeare’s Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakespeare’s World

Welcome to the world-famous house where William Shakespeare was born in l564 and where he grew up. The property （房產） remained in the ownership of Shakespeare’s family until 1806.The House has welcomed visitors traveling from all over the world， for over 250 years.

Enter through the Visitors’ Centre and see the highly-praised exhibition Shakespeare’s World， a lively and full introduction to the life and work of Shakespeare.

Stand in the rooms where Shakespeare grew up.

Discover examples of furniture and needlework from Shakespeare’s period.

Enjoy the traditional English garden， planted with trees and flower mentioned in the poet’s works.

The Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the car parks shown on the map； nearest is Windsor Street （3 minutes’ walk）.

The House may present difficulties but the Visitors’ Centre， its exhibition， and the garden are accessible to wheelchair users.

The Shakespeare Coffee House （opposite the Birthplace）.

1. How much is the admission for a family of two grown-ups and two children？

A. ￡9.80. B. ￡12.00. C. ￡14.20. D. ￡16.40.

2. Where is the nearest parking place to Shakespeare’s Birthplace？

A. Behind the exhibition hall.

B. Opposite the Visitors’Centre.

C. At Windsor Street.

D. Near the Coffee House.

3. A wheelchair user may need help to enter .

A. the House B. the garden

C. the Visitors’ Centre D. the exhibition hall

內容概要：介紹到莎士比亞的故居去參觀的價格、開放的時間及走的路線。

2012年高考全國新課標卷I閱讀理解A篇

Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to Try some of these places：

Visit art museums. They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids’ interest. Many offer workshops for making hand-made pieces， traveling exhibits， book signings （簽名）by children’s favorite writers， and even musical performances and other arts.

Head to a natural history museum. This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky. Also， ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.

Go to a Youtheater. Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors. Pre-show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts. Puppet（木偶）making and stage make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.

Try hands-on science. Visit one of the many hands-on science museums around the country. These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike. They’ll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons，experimenting，and building. When everyone is tired，enjoy a fun family science show，commonly found in these museums.

4. If a child is interested in the universe， he probably will visit ________.

A. a Youtheater

B. an art museum

C. a natural history museum

D. a hands-on science museum

5. What can kids do at a Youtheater？

A. Look at rock collections. B. See dinosaur models.

C. Watch puppet making. D. Give performances.

6. What does“hands-on science”mean in the last paragraph？

A. Science games designed by kids.

B. Learning science by doing things.

C. A show of kids’science work.

D. Reading science books.

7. Where does this text probably come from？

A. A science textbook. B. A tourist map.

C. A museum guide. D. A news report.

內容概要：介紹了4篇兒童旅游的廣告。

話題5：文娛與體育

2011年高考全國新課標卷I閱讀理解D篇

Wanted，Someone for a Kiss

We’re looking for producers to join us in the second of London 100FM. You’ll work on the station’s music programmes. Music production experience in radio is necessary， along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply （申請） in writing to Producer Vacancies， Kiss 100.

Father Christmas

We’re looking for a very special person preferably over 40， to fill our Father Christmas suit.

Working days： Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December17 to December24 except Sunday， 10：30—16：00

Excellent pay.

Please contact （聯系） the Enterprise Shopping Center， Station Parade， Eastbourne.

Accountants Assistant

When you join the them in our Revenue Administration Unit， you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division， dealing with post and other general duties. If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you. This position is equally suitable for a school leaver of for somebody who has office experience.

Wealden District Council

Software Trainer

If you are aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training， you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make our decision， and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of ￡15，000 for the right person. Please apply by sending your CV （簡歷） to Mrs R. Oglivie， Palmlace Limited.

1. Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station？

A. Producer Vacancies， Kiss 100.

B. Mrs R. Oglivie， Palmlace Limited.

C. The Enterprise Shopping Centre

D. Wealden District Council.

2. We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who ________.

A. is aged between 24 and 40

B. may do some training work

C. should deal with general duties

D. can work for about a month

3. Which position is open to recent school graduates？

A. Producer，London Kiss. B. Father Christmas.

C. Accountants Assistant. D. Software Trainer.

4. What kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Limited？

A. One with GCSE grade C level.

B. One with some office experience.

C. One having good computer knowledge

D. One trained in producing music programmes.

內容概要：這是一篇招聘啟事。

2012年高考全國新課標卷I閱讀理解C篇

About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio（影棚）to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our“act”would last only for a short time，we could see quite a number of interesting things.

We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene，setting up tree sat the edge of a winding path. Very soon，bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into position. The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby. Since it was hot in the studio，it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him，and soon the trees were covered in“snow”. Two more fans were turned on，and a“strong wind”blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.

The next scene was a complete contrast（對比）. The way it was filmed was quite unusual. Pictures taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen. An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water’s edge on an island. By a simple trick like this，palm trees，sandy beaches，and blue，clear skies had been brought into the studio！

Since it was our turn next， we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us. For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film ‘Stars”！

5. Who is the author？

A. A cameraman. B. A film director.

C. A crowd-scene actor. D. A workman for scene setting.

6. What made the author feel cold？

A. The heavy snowfall. B. The man-made scene.

C. The low temperature. D. The film being shown.

7. What would happen in the“three minutes”mentioned in the last paragraph？

A. A new scene would be filmed.

B. More stars would act in the film.

C. The author would leave the studio.

D. The next scene would be prepared.

內容概要：作者講述了自己作為群眾演員的經歷。

話題6：歷史與地理

A

2013年高考全國新課標卷I閱讀理解D篇

The National Gallery

Description：

The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance.

Layout：

The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th-to15th-century paintings， and artists include Duccio， Uccello， Van Eyck， Lippi， Mantegna， Botticelli and Memling.

The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings， and artists include Leonardo da Vinci， Cranach， Michelangelo， Raphael， Bruegel， Bronzino， Titan and Veronest.

The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings， and artists include Caravaggio， Rubens， Poussin， Van Dyck， Velazquez， Claude and Vermeer.

The East Wing houses 18th-to early 20th-century paintings， and artists include Canaletto， Goya， Turner， Constable， Renoir and Van Gogh.

Opening Hours：

The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm（Fridays 10am to 9pm）and is free， but charges apply to some special exhibitions.

Getting There：

Nearest underground stations： Charing Cross（2-minute walk）. Leicester Square（3-minute walk）. Embankment （7-minute walk）， and Piccadilly Circus （8-minute walk）.

1. In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings？

A. The 13th. B. The 17th. C. The 18th. D. The 20th.

2. Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown？

A. In the East Wing. B. In the main West Wing.

C. In the Sainsbury Wing. D. In the North Wing.

3. Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery？

A. Piccadilly Circus. B. Leicester Square.

C. Embankment. D. Charing Cross.

內容概要：本文是一篇關于英國國家美術館的參觀指南。文章對國家美術管的藏品、布局、開放時間及周邊交通作了介紹。

2014年高考全國新課標卷I閱讀理解B篇

Passenger pigeons（旅鴿）once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks（群）so large that they darkened the sky for hours.

It was calculated that when it population reached its highest point，they were more than 3billlion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States， making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller， a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles （about 515 kilometers） long was seen near Cincinnati.

Sadly the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain，waited until pigeons had settled to feed，then threw large nets over them，taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.

By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by American’s need for wood，which scattered（驅散）the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north， where cold temperatures and storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone，never to be seen again.

In 1897，the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons but by then，no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County， Ohio， in 1900. For a time， a few birds survived under human care. The last of them， known affectionately as Martha， died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1， 1914.

4. In the 18th and early 19th centuries，passenger pigeons ________.

A. were the biggest bird in the world

B. lived mainly in the south of America

C. did great harm to the natural environment

D. were the largest bird population in the US

5. The underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons’ ________.

A. escape B. ruin C. liberation D. evolution

6. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons？

A. To seek pleasure. B. To save other birds.

C. To make money. D. To protect crops.

7. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan？

A. It was ignored by the public. B. It was declared too late.

C. It was unfair. D. It was strict.

內容概要：這是一篇記敘文，敘述了旅鴿逐漸消失的過程和原因。

話題7：自然與環境

2010年高考全國新課標卷I閱讀理解C篇

Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly， flies like a fat chicken， eats green leaves， has the stomach of a cow and has claws（爪）on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6m above the river，an important feature for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.

In appearance， the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small， with a large set of feathers on the top， bright red eyes， and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds， cuckoos. Its most striking feature， though， is only found in the young.

Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws， together with the beak（喙）， they can climb about in the bushes， looking very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly， they lose their claws.

During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds， but in April， when the rainy season begins， they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.

1. What is the text mainly about？

A. Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.

B. The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.

C. Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.

D. The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.

2. Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that ________.

A. they look like young cuckoos

B. they have claws on the wings

C. they eat a lot like a cow

D. they live on river banks

3. What can we infer about primitive birds from the text？

A. They had claws to help them climb.

B. They could fly long distances.

C. They had four wings like hoatzins.

D. They had a head with long feathers on the top.

4. Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes？

A. To find more food.

B. To protect themselves better.

C. To keep themselves warm.

D. To produce their young.

內容概要：這篇文章介紹了亞馬遜和奧里諾科河生活著一種鳥類叫hoatzin（麝雉，南美雨林珍稀鳥類）。

2012年高考全國新課標卷I閱讀理解B篇

Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar， it is also delicious. Most people，and many animals，like eating it. However， the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees’nest and take the honey from it. Often， these nests are high up in trees， and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa， though， people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper - a little bird called a honey guide.

The honey guide does not actually like honey， but it does like the wax in the beehives（蜂房）. The little bird cannot reach this wax， which is deep inside the bees’ nest. So， when it finds a suitable nest， it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention， it flies through the forest， waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest， the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey， and the wax， always falls to the ground， and this is when the honey guide takes its share.

Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax， but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives， and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.

5. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees’nest？

A. It’s small in size. B. It’s hidden in trees.

C. It’s covered with wax. D. It’s hard to recognize.

6. What do the words“the follower”in Paragraph 2 refer to？

A. A bee. B. A bird.

C. A honey seeker. D. A beekeeper.

7. The honey guide is special in the way________.

A. it gets its food B. it goes to church

C. it sings in the forest D. it reaches into bees’nests

8. What can be the best title for the text？

A. Wild Bees B. Wax and Honey

C. Beekeeping in Africa D. Honey-Lover’s Helper

內容概要：在非洲的部分地區，人們和動物尋找蜂蜜有一個奇怪的和意想不到的助手——一只小鳥叫蜂蜜引導。

話題8：科學與技術

2011年高考全國新課標卷I閱讀理解B篇

While small may be beautiful， tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems， particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants.

The Tall Persons Club Great Britain （TPCGB）， which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall， has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants. Beds that are too small， shower heads that are too low， and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room all make life difficult for those of above average height， it says.

But it is not just the extra-tall whose needs are not being met. The average night of the population has been increasing ye the standard size of beds， doorways， and chairs has remained unchanged.

“The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it， so even a king-size bed at 6′6″ （6 feet and 6 inches） is falling short for 25% of men， while the standard 6′3″ bed caters for less than half of the male population.” Said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy， “seven-foot beds would work fine.”

Similarly， restaurant tables can cause no end of problems. Small tables， which mean the long-legged have to sit a foot or so away from them， are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.

Some have already taken note， however. At Queens Moat Houses’ Caledoman Hotel in Edinburgh， 6′6″beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors， particularly Americans.

1. What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign？

A. To provide better services.

B. To rebuild hotels and restaurants.

C. To draw public attention to the needs of the tall.

D. To attract more people to become its members.

2. Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy？

A. 7′2″. B. 7′ C. 6′6″. D. 6′3″.

3. What may happen to restaurants with small tables？

A. They may lose some customers.

B. They may start businesses elsewhere.

C. They have to find easy chairs to match the tables.

D. They have to provide enough space for the long-legged.

4. What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh？

A. Tall people pay more for larger beds.

B. 6′6″beds have taken the place of 6′3″beds.

C. Special rooms are kept for Americans.

D. Guest rooms are standardized.

內容概要：介紹一個英國的高個子組織向賓館和酒店發起的針對高個子的一些特殊需求的活動。

2013年高考全國新課標卷I閱讀理解B篇

They baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert（警覺）. Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it .She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another， this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other， her gaze （凝視） starts to lose its focus — until a third， with three black spots， is presented. Her gaze returns； she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three， just 24 hours after coming into the world？

Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer？ The same experiment， but with three spots shown before two， shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness？ When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects （a comb， a key， an orange and so on）， changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make， as opposed to three？No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three， or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two； likewise（同樣地） when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.

5. The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s ________.

A. sense of hearing B. sense of sight

C. sense of touch D. sense of smell

6. Babies are sensitive to the change in ________.

A. the size of cards B. the colour of pictures

C. the shape of patterns D. the number of objects

7. Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats？

A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.

B. To see how babies recognize sounds.

C. To carry their experiment further.

D. To keep the babies’interest.

8. Where does this text probably come from？

A. Science fiction. B. Children’s literature.

C. An advertisement. D. A science report.

內容概要：文章主要圍繞嬰兒視覺實驗而展開研究。先是用有不同數字黑點的紙板測孩子的視覺反應，接下來是加入鼓聲作為背景進一步研究嬰兒對數字的視覺敏感。

話題9：文學與藝術

2007年高考全國新課標卷II閱讀理解E篇

Most people want to know how things are made. They honestly admit， however， that they hardly know a thing when it comes to understanding how a piece of music is made. Where a composer （作曲家） begins， how he manages to keep going — in fact， how and when he learns his trade — all are covered in complete darkness. The composer， in short， is a man of mystery （神秘）.

One of the first things the common man wants to know about is the part inspiration（靈感） plays in a composer’s work. He finds it difficult to believe that composers are not much interested in that question. Writing music is as natural for the composer as eating or sleeping for all. Music is something that the composer happens to have been born for.

The composer， therefore， does not say to himself： “Do I feel inspired？” He says to himself： “Do I feel like working today？” And if he feels like working， he does. It is more or less like saying to himself： “Do I feel sleepy？” If you feel sleepy， you go to sleep. If you don’t feel sleepy， you stay up. If the composer doesn’t feel like working， he doesn’t work. It’s as simple as that.

1. What would be the best title for the text？

A. Composer：a man of mystery

B. Practice makes good music

C. Relation between sleeping and music

D. Music：product of nature

2. The words“covered in complete darkness”underlined in Paragraph 1 most probably mean ________.

A. difficult to be made B. without any light

C. black in color D. not known

3. Most people seem to think that a composer ________.

A. finds it difficult to write music

B. considers it important to have a good rest

C. should like to talk about inspiration

D. never asks himself very simple questions

4. The author will most probably agree that composers ________.

A. are born with a gift for music

B. are people full of mystery

C. work late at night for their music

D. know a lot about eating and sleeping

內容概要：作曲家是從哪里開始作曲的？怎樣繼續下去的？怎樣學會這一技巧的？所有這些都是個謎，沒有人知道。

2014年高考全國新課標卷I閱讀理解D篇

As more and more people speak the global languages of English， Chinese， Spanish， and Arabic， other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact， half of the 6，000-7，000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century， according to the United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization（UNESCO）.

In an effort to prevent language loss， scholars from a number of organizations — UNESCO and National Geographic among them — have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.

Mark Turin， a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University， who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas， is following in that tradition. His recently published book， A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture， grows out of his experience living， working， and raising a family in a village in Nepal.

Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin， who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India， Nepal， Bhutan， and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.

At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials-including photographs， films， tape recordings， and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.

Now， through the two organizations that he has founded — the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project — Turin has started a campaign to make such documents， for the world available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet， Turin notes， the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.

5. Many scholars are making efforts to ________.

A. promote global languages

B. rescue disappearing languages

C. search for language communities

D. set up language research organizations.

6. What does“that tradition’in Paragraph 3 refer to？

A. Having full records of the languages.

B. Writing books on language teaching.

C. Telling stories about language users.

D. Living with the native speaker.

7. What is Turin’s book based on？

A. The cultural studies

B. The documents available at Yale.

C. His language research in Bhutan.

D. His personal experience in Nepal.

8. Which of the following best describe Turin’s work？

A. Write，sell and donate.

B. Record，repair and reward.

C. Collect，protect and reconnect.

D. Design，experiment and report.

內容概要：本文是一篇記敘文，敘述了學者們正在努力記錄瀕臨消失的語言和文化，來挽救這些語言。

話題10：社會與熱點

2011年高考全國新課標卷I閱讀理解C篇

Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband’s income. So this year she did something more than a hobby： She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden， Ms Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants， and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family’s old farm house has become a chicken bourse， its residents arriving next month. Last year， Ms. Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because， she said ，“The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds too； so it’s a win-win situation all around.”

They are among the growing number of Americans who， driven by higher living costs and a falling economy （經濟）， have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say no since the 1970s have there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country hacek been sold out for several months. In Austin， Tex.， some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list.

George C. Ball Jr， owner of a company， said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40%， over last year， double the average growth of last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is striking use in me cost on food like bread and milk， together with the increases in the price of fruit and vegetables. Food prices have increase of higher oil price. People are driving less， taking fewer vacations， so there more time to garden.

1. What does the word“residents”in Paragraph 1 probably refer to？

A. chickens B. tomatoes

C. gardens D. people

2. Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular？

A. More Americans are doing it for fun.

B. The price of oil is lower than before.

C. There’s a growing need for fruits.

D. The cost of living is on the rise.

3. Which of the following might be the best title for the text？

A. Family Food Planning B. Banking on Gardening

C. A Belt-tightening Move D. Gardening as a Hobby

內容概要：本文是一篇社會新聞，介紹在當今物價上漲的美國，不少人熱衷于開發自己的私家菜園來降低生活成本。

2014年高考全國新課標卷I閱讀理解C篇

A typical lion tamer （馴獸師） in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip （鞭子） and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention， but it’s mostly for show. In reality， it’s the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face， the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided， the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options， the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.

How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion？How often do you have something you want to achiever （e.g. lose weight， start a business， travel more） — only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress？

This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best， the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things， and so we take less action， make less progress， and stay the same when we could be improving.

It doesn’t have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face， remember this： All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go， something you want to accomplish， someone you want to become， ... take immediate action. If you’re clear about where you want to go， the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.

4. Why does the lion tamer use a chair？

A. To trick the lion. B. To show off his skills.

C. To get ready for a fight. D. To entertain the audience.

5. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair？

A. They feel puzzled over choices.

B. They hold on to the wrong things.

C. They find it hard to make changes.

D. They have to do something for show.

6. What is the author’s attitude towards the expert mentioned in Paragraph 3？

A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful. C. Respectful. D. Supportive.

7. When the world is “waving a chair in your face”， you’re advised to ________.

A. wait for a better chance B. break your old habits

C. make a quick decision D. ask for clear guidance

內容概要：這是一篇議論文。當人們面前擺著多種選擇感到困惑時，應該怎么辦？作者由馴獸師的椅子引出議論，以此警示我們：當生活中有很多選擇的時候，不要困惑不前，我們要做的就是快速抉擇，采取行動。

五、解題方法

閱讀理解的做題方法有兩種：第一種是先讀文，后讀題，讀后做問答題；第二種是先讀題，后讀文，帶著問題速讀。這兩種方法無所謂優劣，根據平時閱讀習慣擇其一，切不可在考場上臨時改變習慣。

另外注意兩個答題技巧：一是“局部尋找”，如事實細節題、猜測詞義題；二是“整體思考”，如推理判斷題、主旨大意題、篇章結構題以及觀點態度題。

7選5題考的是篇章結構，只要大家讀懂文章，注意答題的訣竅，也不是難事。筆者編了一個應試口訣，供大家參考：“7 選 5，很簡單，前后句，連連看。”

六、標準測試

Test 1

第三部分 閱讀理解（共兩節，滿分40分）

第一節（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

A

Classical Ballet and Pointe

Ages 10-18 （Activity 6736）

This class introduces the basic movements of ballet using the five positions and terms of classical ballet. With ballet， students are able to gain charm and self-confidence. It is our further aim in developing each student’s knowledge and understanding of ballet to increase enjoyment and pleasure of the art. All students will perform at the annual dance performance on May 22.

Flat pink ballet shoes will be worn by all students during stretches and warm-ups. Each student will be judged on technique and strength. More advanced students will be offered Pointe Ballet as an option and only upon instructor approval. This class requires Pink Ballet Shoes or Pointe Shoes （upon teacher agreement） and an extra ￥40 dress fee. No class March 31. Register by January 27.

Thursdays， February 2-April 29

8∶10-9∶10 pm

Fee：￥60 per person

Tap Dance Class

Ages 12-18 （Activity 6741）

Dancers practice a series of basic steps， adding more difficult combinations as they become more skillful. Tap dancing is a vigorous form of dance， requiring a great deal of physical fitness. This tap dance class is for those looking for fun and exercise. It is a great way to learn tap and build aerobic fitness. No class March 31. Register by January 27.

Saturdays，February 4-April 28

1∶00-2∶00 pm

Fee：￥44 residents，￥51 non-residents

Young Adult Tap Jazz

Ages 19-25 （Activity 6742）

Dance training builds strength，flexibility，and coordination while increasing attention and focus. This class is for young adults looking to do just that. Join Julia for 1 hour of dance training. Tap and Jazz shoes can be ordered the first day of class.

No class March 31. Register by January 27.

Saturdays，February 4-April 28

2：10-3：10 pm

Fee：￥44 residents，￥51 non-residents

1. How much will you pay if you decide to learn ballet？

A. ￥ 60. B. ￥ 95. C. ￥ 100. D. ￥ 104.

2. What benefits does tap dancing bring to an adolescent？

A. Strength and better attention.

B. Charm and self-confidence.

C. Judgement and aerobic fitness.

D. Pleasure and physical fitness.

3. If you are an adult of over 20 now，you will have to choose ________.

A. Classical Ballet B. Young Adult Tap and Jazz

C. Pointe Ballet D. Tap dance class

B

In recent years，the world has made progress in reducing deaths among children under the age of five. A new report says an estimated six-point-nine million children worldwide died before their fifth birthday. That compares to about twelve million in 1990.

The report says child mortality rates have fallen in all areas. It says the number of deaths is down by at least fifty percent in eastern， western and southeastern Asia. The number also fell in North Africa， Latin America and the Caribbean.

Ties Boerma is head of the WHO’s Department of Health Statistics and Informatics. He says： “Most child deaths happen in just a few areas. Sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia face the greatest challenges in child survival. More than eighty percent of child deaths in the world occur in these two regions. About half of child deaths occur in just five countries — India， which actually takes twenty-four percent of the global total； Nigeria， eleven percent； the Democratic Republic of Congo， seven percent； Pakistan， five percent and China， four percent of under-five deaths in the world.”

Ties Boerma notes that， in developed countries， one child in one hundred fifty-two dies before his or her fifth birthday. But south of the Sahara Desert， one out of nine children dies before the age of five. In Asia， the mortality rate is one in sixteen. The report lists the top five causes of death among children under five worldwide. They are pneumonia， diarrhea， malaria and problems both before and during birth.

Tessa Wardlaw is with the U-N Children’s Fund. TESSA WARDLAW： “We welcome the widespread progress in child survival， but we importantly want to stress that there’s a lot of work that remains to be done. There’s unfinished business and the fact is that today on average， around nineteen thousand children are still dying every day from largely preventable causes.”

The World Health Organization says one way to solve these problems is to make sure health care services are available to women. In this way， medical problems can be avoided or treated when identified.

4. What might be the most suitable title for the passage？

A. More children between 5 and 15 are dying now.

B. The number of children under five is reducing.

C. Children are dying because of the top five causes.

D. Fewer children under the age of five are dying.

5. What does the underlined word“mortality”in the second paragraph mean？

A. Death. B. Survival. C. Birth. D. Disease.

6. the last paragraph but one implies that ______.

A. the problem of child mortality deaths has been solved

B. the world has made great achievements in world business

C. the world has made widespread progress in child survival

D. the world has a long way to go in the problem of child survival.

7. The attitude of the writer towards the problem of the world child mortality is ________.

A. unconcerned B. pessimistic

C. optimistic D. neutral

C

Recently， the fifth grade students at Japan’s Higashihikari Elementary School welcomed a new student. However， unlike other newcomers， he was not shy and seemed to instantly recognize all 119 kids by their names. Impressed？ You will be even more so， when you find out that Robovie is not human but a robot， pretending as a fifth-grade student！

Developed by Japan， the 1.2 meter tall student is part of a 14-month experiment to test if robots can gradually learn to interact naturally and mix with a group of people.

While the company has previously conducted several experiments in various settings， this is the longest period by far， and is all part of their bigger vision of making robots household family members， previous attempts at which， have been quite unsuccessful. This time around they decided to pick a school because it allows the robot to gather and hopefully incorporate plentiful amounts of data from the active and curious kids around him.

And though Robovie’s amazing memory may have impressed you， he does have an unfair advantage — Though his daily conversation level has been limited to that of a five-year old in the hope that he will develop his vocabulary by interacting with the fifth graders， he was preprogrammed with the facial photos and voices of all 119 fifth graders and teachers， as well as， the contents of the entire fifth grade science textbook. Nonetheless， he impressed the class by answering correctly that a wound up copper wire could also be called a copper coil， prompting a fellow student to quip ‘It’s smarter than me’！

While still early， Robovie is doing quite well on the social front too — Not only did he acknowledge all the students in his grade but after class， also shook hands with the sixth graders and was even polite enough to answer all their questions， just like any other new student would do. But then， this is not the first time Robovie has been around humans. In the past he has been assigned to many tasks including helping the elderly shop for groceries.

8. What do we know about Robovie from the first paragraph？

A. He acted like a shy newcomer.

B. He has a remarkable memory.

C. He pretended to know everyone.

D. He became a friend of all students.

9. Although scientists have tried many times，they still fail to ________.

A. cause robots to do experiments

B. get robots do household chores

C. make a robot act like a family member

D. have robots go to school like kids

10. Robovie was preprogrammed with the facial photos and voices of pupils and teachers in order to ________.

A. prevent him giving away experimental data to kids

B. prepare him for answering correctly science questions

C. make Robovie communicate freely with anyone he meets

D. enlarge his vocabulary by communicating with children

11. Which of the following words can best describe the feature of Robovie？

A. Sociable. B. Helpful. C. Noisy. D. Knowledgeable.

D

There’s a story in math circles that a famous mathematician used to speak of the Riemann hypothesis （黎曼假設）， a famous unsolved problem， saying that all infants were probably born knowing how to prove it， but then forgot the evidence by the time they learned to talk.

While it may be a joke， the recent news that a 16-year-old may have solved a 350-year-old problem， raises the question of just how youth approach math differently than adults.

Edward Frenkel， by the age of 21， he had already been invited to be a visiting professor at Harvard. “When you’re young， you’re fast and quick and able to solve things quickly ... but you may not be able to see how the different pieces of mathematics fit together，” he said. “That comes with experience. Mathematics is not the 100-meter dash but a marathon. Math is so abstract， you need guidance.”

Mathematics professors say that they often see glimpses of brightness in kids as young as 13， and that “often these long-standing problems are solved by a mathematician who takes a completely different approach，” says Jonathan Rogness， a professor.

Still， working on famous， unsolved problems is rare until later in a career. “Usually these problems are unsuitable for study by very young researchers， since they are too hard， and require too much background to do anything of value.”

Etingof， who was 24 when he received his Ph.D.， says， “Brainpower starts to decrease after a certain age， while experience accumulates over years，” he said. “Experience is not as important in mathematics as in some other fields， but it is important. So the power of a mathematician often peaks in his/her 30s.”

Rogness agrees， “Mathematics is so highly specialized， you need to spend years and years studying general topics and then one specific area before you’re at the cutting age，” he said， “That there are certainly mathematical genius who sop up everything you give them. They could certainly make significant mathematical discoveries at an early age. But that age is more likely to be in their early twenties than their early teens.”

12. The writer talks about the Riemann hypothesis in order to ________.

A. expect people to try solving it

B. prove the role of age in maths

C. show the difficulty of solving it

D. admit the talent of all infants

13. What do the professors stress in learning maths？

A. Experience. B. Brain power.

C. Guidance. D. Talent.

14. The underlined phrase “sop up” in the last paragraph means ________.

A. give away B. take in C. turn in D. find out

15. The purpose of the author writing this text is to ________.

A. introduce the way of becoming mathematicians

B. analyze why there are unsolved maths problems

C. provide some advice on learning maths well

D. explain whether a teen can be a math genius

第二節（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10 分）

根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。請按如下方式填涂答題卡：選E涂AB；選F涂BC；選G涂CD。

1000 Hours a Year

Like you， all my email goes into my Sent Mailbox， just sitting there if I want to check back at what I said to whom years ago. So what a surprise to see that I send approximately 18，250 emails each year （roughly 50 a day）. Assuming 3 minutes per email， that’s about 1000 hours a year on email alone. I’ve been on email since the early 90s. 16

The answer is both yes and no. Yes， I have been able to keep in touch with family， friends， and colleagues in far-away corners of the planet with ease. 17 But whilst these undoubted benefits are the reasons why I continue to email， it is not without its own cost. Most importantly， as the above analysis shows， email eats my time just as it likely eats yours.

18 Each time a message arrives there’s just the chance that it might contain something exciting， something new， something special， a new opportunity. 19 That’s just enough to keep me checking my Inbox. But that means perhaps only 10 of the 1000 hours I spent on emails this year were actually wanted.

Frequent email messages will certainly affect our real work.

20 Like other potential addictions we should perhaps attempt to check the email box at certain times of the day， or by creating email-free zones by turning off Wi-Fi. Now I need to think whether I really want to be spending 1000 hours a year on email， at the expense of more valuable activities.

A. Was that time well spent？

B. All this feeds my continued use of email.

C. Do you spend 1000 hours on emails every year？

D. And we all recognize that email has its addictive side.

E. Email uses technology to communicate a digital message over the Internet.

F. Maybe one in 100 emails contain something I really want to know or hear about.

G. Becoming aware of what email is doing to our allocation of time is the first step to re-gaining control.

Test 2

A

Watching whales

Countries： Argentina， Patagonia

Departures： various dates

This fourteen-night tour begins in Buenos Aires. Our next stop is Patagonia， a dramatic wilderness region. Here we take a boat trip along the coast to observe elephant seals， dolphins， penguins and whales.

How this vacation helps：

For every person， we donate ￥50 to protect the feeding and breeding grounds of whales and penguins.

Elephant conservation

Country： Thailand

Anyone can become a volunteer if he/she agrees to assist the elephant carers with tasks.

Daily tasks：

Collect the elephants at 6.30a.m. Take them to look for food in the forest. Swim with the elephants in the lake in the afternoon. If volunteers want to relax after work， they can watch satellite television.

How this vacation helps：

If these elephants hadn’t been rescued， they would still be living on the streets of Bangkok. A rural environment is much better for them than an urban environment where there is lots of pollution.

Gorilla safari

Countries： Kenya， Rwanda， Uganda

Departures： Aug–Dec， 2–3 departures per month

If you’re lucky， you’ll see lions， elephants and rhinos on this safari. The highlight of the trip is the opportunity to see gorillas in the mountain forests. However， you must be in good health---if a gorilla caught a cold， it would be extremely harmful for its whole family.

How this vacation helps：

There are only about 600 mountain gorillas left in the world as human activity has reduced the area where they can live. When you buy a permit， this will pay for the maintenance of the national park.

Polar bear watching

Country： Arctic， Canada

Departures： sixty trips between 1 Oct–19 Nov

Every October and November groups of polar bears gather in Hudson Bay. As they are normally lonely creatures， this is unusual. The bears wait for the ocean to freeze so they can hunt for seals. These awesome bears don’t need water！ They get all the liquid they need from their food.

How this vacation helps：

If the Arctic ice cap melts due to global warming， polar bears will be in danger. We give a share of our profits to the Polar Bears Alive charity.

1. Which country will you go to if you want to observe elephant seals， dolphins， penguins and whales？

A. Thailand. B. Argentina and Patagonia.

C. Kenya， Rwanda and Uganda. D. Arctic and Canada.

D. It offers visitors a chance to meet polar bears.

2. Which animals can we know are not the social animals？

A. Elephants. B. Whales.

C. Polar bears. D. Gorillas.

3. The four activities have the same purpose which is to ________.

A. stress the influence of global warming

B. prove the harm people have done to animals

C. introduce the trouble of endangered animals

D. increase your awareness of protecting animals

B

Although she died more than twenty-five years ago， many Americans still argue about Ayn Rand. People also continue to talk about her ideas and her interesting life.

As a young child， Alisa loved books. She began to write her own stories when she was only seven years old. She took classes in politics， history， law， and writing. In 1926， she traveled to the United States and decided she would never leave. She also decided to change her name to “Ayn Rand.” Newly named， Rand moved to Hollywood， California to work in the movie business. Throughout the 1930s， she published two books， but did not earn much critical or popular recognition.

Then， in 1943， Rand’s famous book \"The Fountainhead\" was published. It took her seven years to write the novel. Twelve publishers rejected the book. However， a man named Archibald Ogden loved the story and convinced the Bobbs-Merrill company to publish it. “The Fountainhead” became a huge success around the world. It has sold more than six million copies. It continues to sell about one hundred thousand copies each year.

“The Fountainhead” tells the story of a young building designer named Howard Roark. Roark wants to build interesting， modern-looking buildings. However， most people only want to see traditional designs. Roark loves designing and building more than anything in the world. But he refuses to compromise and make buildings he hates. Several people work against Roark and his goals. But in the end， Roark succeeds.

“The Fountainhead” is an unusual novel for many reasons. It is more than seven hundred pages long， far longer than most books people read for entertainment. More importantly， it also includes discussions of philosophy， which are not usually found in popular books. Most critics did not like \"The Fountainhead.\" But readers loved it. In 1949，it was made into a popular movie.

She lived quietly in New York City until she died in 1982. She is still one of the most loved and hated American thinkers and writers.

4. When did Alisa decide to change her name to Ayn Rand？

A. When she began to write her own stories.

B. Before she started to take classes in school.

C. When she decided to settle in the United States.

D. After she moved to Hollywood and started work.

5. What can we learn about Howard Roark？

A. He wants to build interesting， traditional buildings.

B. He loves designing and building anything in the world.

C. He has to compromise and make buildings he hates.

D. He achieves his goals and eventually gains success.

6. “The Fountainhead” is an unusual novel mainly because ________.

A. it was made into a popular movie in 1949

B. it also includes discussions of philosophy

C. it was well-received by most critics and readers

D. it is far longer than most books for entertainment

7. What is the real cause for the argument about Ayn Rand？

A. Her private life.

B. Her traditional ideas.

C. Her book \"The Fountainhead\".

D. Her attitudes towards critics.

C

Millions of students have been taught a formula that has nothing to do with chemistry. The formula is for writing a five-paragraph essay. First， write an introductory paragraph to state the argument. Then， add three paragraphs of evidence. Finally， write a conclusion.

Linda Bergmann is director of the Writing Lab. Her job is to help students， including international students， improve their writing. “It is kind of like， ‘A is true because one， two， three.’ The second paragraph is the first reason， next paragraph the second reason. The next paragraph is the final reason， and then the last paragraph is， ‘So we can see that this is true，’” said Linda Bergman.

Professor Bergmann says international students sometimes have difficulty with this formula if they learned a different writing structure. But just knowing how to write a five-paragraph essay is not going to be enough for a college student who has to write a longer academic paper. “Essentially， it is way too simplistic to handle more intellectually sophisticated （復雜的） topics which involve actual inquiry，” said Bergmann.

Karen Gocsik is executive director of courses in the Institute for Writing and Rhetoric. The institute has an extensive library of online writing materials on its website.

So what are the qualities that make up good writing？Ms. Gocsik says there are no simple answers – except maybe for one. That is， there is no formula that students can follow to guarantee a well-written paper. “What we try to teach students to do in college is to listen to their ideas， and that the idea should be able to tell you what form it needs to take，” said Ms. Gocsik.

“The thinking that you are doing， and the purpose that you have and the audience you are writing to--all of these things you will mix up together and you will come up with， we hope， an excellent college paper.”

In some cultures， students organize their paragraphs to build toward the main idea at the end of the paper. American college students are usually expected to state their thesis （論點） at the beginning. And， while students in some cultures use lots of descriptive words， American professors generally want shorter sentences.

8. Bergmann explained the five-paragraph formula by ________.

A. giving an example B. reasoning an idea

C. describing an activity D. making a comparison

9. How did Bergmann think of the five-paragraph formula？

A. He considered it was a must.

B. He thought he was fond of it.

C. He felt it should be given up.

D. He believed it was helpful.

10. To write a good paper， college students should ________.

A. think of five-paragraph formula

B. listen to the ideas of their teachers

C. know the purpose of the audience

D. base their writing on the main ideas

11. While writing， American students usually ________.

A. put forward their argument at first

B. make a detailed description of ideas

C. conclude their main idea in the end

D. write long sentences in each paragraph

D

When the average person thinks of sports they think of football， soccer， basketball. Yeah！ Those are all great sports， but what about those sports that aren’t sports， but should be？ Marching band should be considered a sport for many reasons.

A sport activity is considered as： “a body activity which needs to push a mass through space or overcome the resistance of a mass.” In marching band， the girls with the flags， etc. waving flags， rifles， etc. into the air. And those instruments！ Some can weigh fifty pounds or more！

There are many studies proving how much marching band members perform. One study shows one marching band member， during a parade （游行）， works harder than a football player does during a game. When compared to a parade， a marching band member works about twice as hard in a field show.

Another study shows that marching band members actually NEED skills！ One member needs to work every part of their body. A member needs to know how to properly march， have their music completely memorized， count， move， play， and remember what to do before and after the show， all at the same time. How many football players can count and catch a ball at the same time？ Sure they have to remember the play， but that’s just one thing. Football players need skills too， but they don’t need as many. Marching band members have to remember at least six things all at once.

As a member of a marching band， I know how hard we all work. In one season， I drank four times as much water as when we weren’t practicing. I also lost ten pounds in one season. We practiced daily for hours upon end. I can lift heavier things now than I could before，

In short， is marching band a body activity？ Yes. Is marching band undertaken competitively？ Yes. It fits all the definitions of a sport， right？ Yes！ So， the next time you are walking down the hallway and you see someone with a jacket that says “Band” don’t think “What a band fan，” think， “What a great athlete！”

12. Which four methods did the writer choose to support his argument？

a. giving a definition

b. analyzing cause and effect

c. telling interesting stories

d. introducing study results

e. making comparisons

f. telling personal experience

A. a， d， e， f B. b， c， d， e

C. a， e， f， b D. f， a， e， c

13. What might the writer believe about marching band members？

A. They work just as hard as football players.

B. They make more efforts than in a field show.

C. They carry heavy instruments like football players.

D. They don’t need to push something through space.

14. What can we conclude about marching band members from the fourth paragraph？

A. They have the skills of acting in the play.

B. They all have a good memory in the parade.

C. They have to do many things better meantime.

D. They need to memorize every movement of their body.

15. The three“yes” questions in the last paragraph show ________.

A. the writer firmly treated marching band as a sport

B. the writer was eager to be considered as an athlete

C. the writer doubted whether marking band was a sport

D. the writer was angry at people’s ignoring marching band

第二節（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10 分）

根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。請按如下方式填涂答題卡：選E涂AB；選F涂BC；選G涂CD。

How to Improve Study Skills in Middle School

Middle school is recognized by most authorities as an important period in a student’s life. 36 It is important that you should have an effective method of learning and reviewing information that allows you to truly understand it. By acknowledging the following factors， you can develop the skills needed to absorb and apply information in class.

1. 37

Many students have a difficult time keeping up with their studies only because they feel uncomfortable when they sit down at desk. In order to have an encouraging and fruitful experience when studying， you must be in an environment that allows for full concentration.

The first thing that any student appreciates when studying is an open， organized studying surface， such as a large desk or table.

Furthermore， a focused study environment requires quiet and no distractions. A mobile phone or snack food should be taken away. 38

Other factors that create a good study environment are good lighting and comfortable furniture.

2. Develop a calm attitude.

39 Be calm and patient with yourself as you review the material. Beating yourself up （自責） will do no good. Try to open your mind as much as possible by putting other things aside and dispelling （驅散） frustration.

3. Take good notes.

Class time is when much of learning takes place. 40 As a student moves through middle school and into high school， lectures will become more crucial to the grade and in-class participation will often count for points. Paying attention in class familiarizes you with the material， and taking notes firms it up until further studying solidifies it.

A. Decide what to learn.

B. Create a proper study environment.

C. Studying also requires the correct attitude.

D. The student should know that study time is study time.

E. Goals will help you stay focused and monitor your progress.？

F. This period in your life prepares yourself for university and for the real world.

G. Pay attention during class， and don’t expect to learn everything later on your own.

標準測試答案：

Test 1

1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. D 19. F 20. G

Test 2

1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. D 11. A 12. A 13. B 14.C 15. A 16. F 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. G

（作者單位：江節明 中國人民大學附屬中學；鄧雅荻 北京市海淀區外國語學校）

責任編校 蔣小青