高考語法填空解題技巧

王海芳

【摘要】 語法填空是通過語篇在語境中考察語法知識的運用能力，，這一題型更注重對同學們英語知識綜合運用能力的考查。下文就從例題出發，逐步揭開語法填空題的神秘面紗。

【關鍵詞】冠詞 代詞 介詞 連詞 固定搭配 副詞

首先，分析句子結構，確定填哪類詞。然后，再根據句子的意思，確定具體填什么詞；或根據兩句間的邏輯關系確定具體用哪個連詞。

1、句子缺主語或賓語時填代詞。

例1： -I want to hire a car， please. How much that cost？

_____ depends on the type of car you want and the amount of time you want it for.

解析：考察代詞。 本句缺少主語，根據語境，應指花費多少錢這事，故用it。

例2：The mother then had _______ idea.

解析：此處缺少冠詞，應該填an。

2、在名詞或（形容詞+名詞）前，很可能填限定詞（即，冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞等）。

例1、 A young man， while traveling through a desert， came across a spring of clear water. ____ water was sweet.

解析：考察冠詞。 根據語境，特指上文中的a spring of clear water，故用the 特指。

例2、 Jim： How is your book coming？

Jean：Pretty well， I just have to talk about some details with the publishers about last chapter of _______book.

解析： 根據上文your book可知填my。

3、名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語或賓語時，前面一定是填介詞。

例1： In the earthquake， thousands of families were killed and many children were left __________ parents.

解析：根據句意，在地震中，使成千上萬的孩子沒了父母。故填without。

例2：The master arranged a match _______ the child and his coach to…

解析：固定搭配between… and…

4、限定詞后常跟名詞；修飾動詞、形容詞或整個句子通常用副詞，其次還要注意動副型短語。

例： Jim： Hello ，this is Smith speaking. I must see a docter， but I have a class this afternoon from 2：30 to 4：00 and I won't be able to teach it. So can you do me a ________？

解析： 根據句意及固定短語do somebody a favor，可知填favor.

5、如果該空在劇中并列連接兩個或幾個詞或短語，則用并列連詞。

若兩個句子（即兩個主謂結構）之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，一定是填

并列連詞（連接并列的句子）或從屬連詞（連接定語從句、名詞性從句和狀語從句。

例1： Elias helped Nelson to blow up some government buildings. It was dangerous， _______ he was happy because he knew it was to achieve their dream of making black and white people equal.

解析：根據前后兩句之間的關系為轉折關系，故用but.

例2：The school ________ Elias studied for only two years was three kilometers away.

解析：在句子The school was three kilometers away.中插入了句子Elias studied for only two years，而且中間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，所以應該填一個從屬連詞，由句意可知空格所在句子對The school 起修飾限定作用，故用where引導定語從句。

例3： ---- Would you like to go swimming with me ？

---- Id love to， but I dont know ________ I have time when I am back.

解析： 因為________ I have time when I am back.是動詞know后面的賓語，而且從句不缺少成分，再根據句子意思，應該用if。

6、若結構較完整，并且空格后的謂語動詞是原形，特別是與上下文時態不一致或主謂不一致時，則很可能是填情態動詞或表示強調或倒樁的助動詞（do， does， did 等）

例1： He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife ， but he _______ bring home a regular salary.

解析： 由前一分句的謂語動詞Had 可知，后一分句的謂語動詞bring 也應該用一般過去時，可是，bring 卻用原形，與語境的時態不符，也與主語he不一致，而且該句也不是倒裝句，因此，此空必定填情態動詞或表示強調的助動詞did（的確）。

例2：

7、由特殊句式結構來判斷空格應填的詞。

（1） 由it is ...that...強調結構判斷，填it還是 that； so/such...that...， （n）either... （n）or等固定句式。

例1：His family was ______ poor that he has to leave school.

解析：通過句子意思以及固定結構so...that... 可知填 so.

例2：It was only when I left my parents for Italy _______ I realized how much I loved them.

解析：句子如果去掉It was ...______ 仍然完整，所以是強調句型，故填that。

（2） 由倒裝句式判斷，十天構成倒裝條件的only， so， neither， nor， never， hardly， seldom， not until， had等，還是天do， does， did等。

例：Only when he returned yesterday， ______ his father tell him the truth， which was a big surprise to him.

解析：看到only +時間狀語放在句首，可知這是部分倒裝句，再有前面的yesterday 可判斷為一般過去時，故用did。

例2： The uneducated person， on the other hand ， either is unable to do it ， ______ does it badly ，....

解析：此處表示“或者”，還要想到either...or...搭配。

（3） it 虛指用法主要指it作形式主語或形式賓語及用以構成強調句型的用法。

例： We found _____ very difficult to communicate with her.

解析： 由句意可看出found 的賓語是后面的to communicate with her，所以空格處應該是形式賓語，故填it。