50例兒童腎功能不全臨床分析

梁冰紅

[摘要] 目的 探究腎功能不全患兒的臨床病理特點，為臨床提供參考。方法 回顧性分析2010年1月—2014年12期間在該院收治的50例兒童慢性腎功能不全患者的臨床資料，對50例患兒的病因、臨床特點，情況進行分析。結果 ①在50例兒童慢性腎功能不全的患者中，獲得性腎小球疾病33例，占66%。先天性腎臟畸形12例，占24%。②兒童慢性腎功能不全主要臨床表現為腎性貧血、高血壓、電解質紊亂、代謝性酸中毒、生長發育遲緩和感染等。③50例慢性腎功能不全患兒均有貧血，血紅蛋白與血肌酐呈負相關關系[結論過于籠統，沒有針對結果。 結論 小兒腎功能不全以獲得性腎小球為主要發病原因，腎功能減退越明顯，貧血越重。臨床上慢性腎臟疾病患兒如出現持續性貧血時應警惕發生腎功能不全的可能，可借助于貧血的程度幫助估計腎功能不全的嚴重程度，盡早治療，提高生存質量。

[關鍵詞] 慢性腎功能不全；兒童；臨床分析

[中圖分類號] R692 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-0742（2015）04（c）-0013-03

[Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical and pathological features of renal insufficiency in children， and provide reference for clinical. Methods A retrospective analysis from January 2010 to December 2014 in our hospital 50 cases of chronic renal insufficiency in children patients with the clinical data of 50 cases of children， etiology， clinical features， case analysis. Results In 50 patients with chronic renal insufficiency in children acquired glomerular disease in 33 cases， accounting for 66%. Congenital renal malformation in 12 cases， accounting for 24%. The children with chronic renal insufficiency the main clinical manifestations of renal anemia， hypertension， electrolyte disturbances， metabolic acidosis， growth retardation and infection. In 50 cases of chronic renal insufficiency patients had anemia， a negative relationship between hemoglobin and serum creatinine. Conclusion Children with renal insufficiency to obtain glomerulonephritis as the main cause of disease， renal dysfunction is more obvious， more severe anemia. Clinical on children with chronic kidney diseases such as alert the occurrence of renal insufficiency may be persistent anemia， with the degree of anemia to help assess the severity， renal insufficiency treatment as soon as possible， improve the quality of life.

[Key words] Chronic renal insufficiency； Children； Clinical analysis

腎功能不全分為急性腎功能不全和慢性腎功能不全。其中急性腎功能不全是指短時間內腎臟迅速喪失維持機體內環境穩定而出現的臨床癥侯群，可伴或不伴少尿、無尿[1-2]。慢性腎功能不全（CRI）是由多種疾病引起的慢性持久性腎功能減退[3-4]。它是代謝性廢物在在體內潴留，呈現全身多系統損失的臨床綜合征，因具有病情重、預后差等特點，已引起臨床研究中的高度重視[5]。兒童慢性腎功能不全的發病率相對來說較為少見，該院住院兒童的發生比率為2.02%，占腎臟住院疾病的1.99%，這與文獻報道中的結果基本一致[6]。……