張馳等

摘要 闡述了拉薩河流域漁業資源保護現狀及面臨問題,指出拉薩河流域水域污染,水利工程建設造成的生態環境惡化,以及人為過度捕撈、引進外來魚種是導致土著漁業資源衰退的主要因素;為此,提出以下建議:必須建立適應于拉薩河流域的漁業管理模式,治理環境污染,協調經濟發展與資源環境保護關系,加快地方特有魚類馴化養殖,以保護拉薩河漁業生物資源,維護水域生態安全。
關鍵詞 拉薩河;漁業資源;保護
中圖分類號 S932 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-5739(2015)14-0259-02
Reasons and Countermeasures for Fishery Resources to Decline of Lhasa River
ZHANG Chi GONG Jun-hua ZHOU Jian-she PAN Ying-zi LI Bao-hai *
(Vegetable Research Institute,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa Tibet 850000)
Abstract Protection status and facing problems of Lhasa River basin were described.The main reason for the declining of hydrobios resources in the Lhasa River was the worse environment caused by water pollution,water project,over fishing,introducing fish species from abroad.To solve these problems,the following suggestions should be considered in the future.A new type of management suiting the Lhasa River should be established to crack illegal fishing.Water pollution should be controlled and the operation of water project should meet the demand of ecology.Also environmental protection and economical should be coordinated development.And the study of fish reproduction should be strengthened in order to protect the hydrobios resources and water ecology.
Key words Lhasa River;fish resources;protection
1 拉薩河魚類資源的現狀
拉薩河是雅魯藏布江三大支流之一,位于雅魯藏布江中游左岸,貫穿整個拉薩城區,周邊人口稠密,區域經濟相對發達。流域位于北緯29°20′~30°15′和東經90°05′~91°09之間,全長551 km,面積32 471 km2,占雅魯藏布江流域總面積的13.5%,是雅魯藏布江流域內的最大一條支流。受地貌及水文地質條件的制約,拉薩河水流迂回曲折,河谷深切,河面狹窄,落差較大(總落差1 620 m),河源海拔約5 200 m,匯入口海拔3 580 m,常年水溫較低[1-2]。
由于水流環境、氣候特點以及地理條件的復雜性,決定了拉薩河魚類組成的多樣性和特殊性。相關的研究資料表明,拉薩河流域的魚類主要有3目5科14屬共計24種,其中外來物種主要為鯽魚(Carassius auratus)、鯉魚(Cyprinus caupio)、麥穗魚(Pseudorasbora parva)、泥鰍(Oriental weatherfish)等10種魚類;本地物種主要為裂腹魚亞科的拉薩裂腹魚(Sch-izothorax waltoni)、異齒裂腹魚(Schizothorax oconnori)、巨須裂腹魚(Schizothorax macropogon)、拉薩裸裂尻魚(Schizopyg-opsis younghusbandi)、雙須葉須魚(Ptychobarbus dipogon)、尖裸鯉(Oxygymnocypris stewartii)、以及高原鰍屬(Triplop hysa)的6種魚類,鮡科的黑斑原鮡(Glyptosternum maculatum)1種[3-4]。這些土著魚類的種質資源,在……