周孚美++周龍翔++黃新國
摘要 針對衡陽市煙區(qū)長期連作及不合理施肥造成的土壤質(zhì)量持續(xù)下降等因素,通過施用稻殼生物炭等技術(shù)措施,開展其對煙田土壤修復(fù)效果研究。結(jié)果表明:煙苗移栽前穴施稻殼生物炭12 000 kg/hm2,可使采收后煙田土壤中堿解氮、速效鉀、最大田間持水量分別增加17.55%、36.29%、6.51%,土壤容重降低0.033 g/cm3,明顯提升上等煙葉比例;對煙株生長發(fā)育、農(nóng)藝性狀、煙葉產(chǎn)值、經(jīng)濟效益等具有一定的改善與提升,而且未發(fā)現(xiàn)其對煙株生長產(chǎn)生任何不利影響。
關(guān)鍵詞 烤煙;生物質(zhì)炭;連作障礙;土壤;質(zhì)量
中圖分類號 S572 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-5739(2015)17-0015-04
Research on Effects of Different Biochar Dosage on Correlated Traits of Flue-cured Tobacco
ZHOU Fu-mei 1 ZHOU Long-xiang 2 HUANG Xin-guo 1
(1 Leiyang Branch of Hengyang Tobacco Monopoly Company in Hunan Tobacco Company,Leiyang Hunan 421800; 2 Changning Branch of Hengyang Tobacco Monopoly Company in Hunan Tobacco Company)
Abstract Aim to soil quality deterioration caused by continuous cropping obstacle and absurd fertilizing in Hengyang tobacco area,the study investigated the repairing effects of biochar on deteriorated tobacco soil. The main results showed that alkaline hydrolysis N,available K,maximum water capacity had increased by 17.55%,36.29% and 6.51% before transplanting under 12 000 kg/hm2 biochar was applied,respectively,and the soil bulk density reduced 0.033 g/cm3,moreover,the ratio of first-class and middle-class leaves significant increased as well. In addition,biochar application had improved the growth,agronomic traits,leaf-profit on different degree in flue-cured tobacco production instead of any adverse impacts.
Key words flue-cured tobacco;biochar;continuous cropping obstacle;soil;quality
生物質(zhì)炭(Biochar)是指植物或動物生物質(zhì)在缺氧的條件下進行高溫處理,其中的油和氣燃燒掉后剩余的物質(zhì),其具有特殊的團聚結(jié)構(gòu)、養(yǎng)分豐富、堿性和高穩(wěn)定性等特點[1-3]。生物炭作為土壤改良劑,由于其具有穩(wěn)定特性且難于分解,可有效提升土壤肥力,服務(wù)于農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng),不但能夠提供養(yǎng)分,而且可增強土壤中有益微生物種類及活性,對于提升土壤持續(xù)生產(chǎn)力具有積極作用效果[4-8]。為探索衡陽煙區(qū)生物炭合理利用新途徑,本項目以生物質(zhì)炭為主要研究材料,擬通過大田試驗研究植煙土壤施用不同用量生物質(zhì)炭后,對土壤理化性質(zhì)、煙株生長、養(yǎng)分吸收及產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)等方面的影響,旨在為快速有效提升衡陽煙區(qū)土壤質(zhì)量提供理論依據(jù),指導(dǎo)衡陽市煙區(qū)優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉的可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗概況
試驗于2013年12月至2014年8月在耒陽市洲陂鄉(xiāng)石洞江村煙田進行;……