不同滴頭流量對(duì)紅棗生理指標(biāo)的影響

王娟++游磊++鄭冰

摘要 研究典型大、小滴頭流量對(duì)紅棗果實(shí)縱橫徑、體積、葉綠素、葉-氣溫差、坐果率的影響，結(jié)果表明：成熟收獲時(shí)，q=3.75 L/h的大滴頭流量處理的紅棗縱徑、橫徑、體積均大于q=2.00 L/h的小滴頭流量處理；小滴頭流量q=2.00 L/h的處理紅棗葉片葉綠素含量均值比大滴頭流量q=3.75 L/h的處理高4.2%，說(shuō)明用小滴頭流量的滴灌管進(jìn)行灌溉能夠增加葉片的葉綠素含量，但經(jīng)單因素方差分析得知2個(gè)處理差異并不顯著；各處理灌水前，葉-氣溫差均值在1.75～2.10 ℃之間變化，浮動(dòng)不大，且大滴頭流量q=3.75 L/h的處理累積葉-氣溫差較小，說(shuō)明該處理累積的受旱程度較輕；大滴頭流量q=3.75 L/h處理坐果率比小滴頭流量q=2.00 L/h的處理大20.4%，說(shuō)明大滴頭流量q=3.75 L/h的灌水處理更有利于提高紅棗的坐果率，且經(jīng)單因素方差分析得知，2個(gè)處理差異顯著。

關(guān)鍵詞 紅棗；滴頭流量；生理指標(biāo)

中圖分類號(hào) S665.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1007-5739（2015）17-0083-03

Effect of Different Water Dropper Flow on Red Jujube Physiological Indexes

WANG Juan 1 YOU Lei 2 ZHENG Bing 3

（1 Xinjiang Agricultural Planning Institute，Urumqi Xinjiang 830002； 2 Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Survey Design Co，LTD；

3 Construction and Management Office，Water Resources Department of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region）

Abstract The effect of typical big，small water dropper flow on fruit vertical and horizontal diameter，volume，the chlorophyll and leaf-air temperature difference，fruit-set rate of red jujube were studied.The results showed that in the mature harvest time，longitudinal diameter，transverse diameter and volume of q=3.75 L/h of large water dropper flow treatment of red jujube were greater than q=2.00 L/h water dropper flow treatment.Leaf chlorophyll mean content of water dropper flow q=2.00 L/h in red jujube was higher than the big water dropper flow q=3.75 L/h treatment for 4.2%，which illustrated with small water dropper flow could increase the chlorophyll content of leaves，but by the single factor analysis of variance to learn that two treatments difference had no significance.Before the irrigation，leaf-air temperature difference was between 1.75～2.10 ℃，floating was not big，and accumulation of leaf - air temperature of largewater dropper flow q=3.75 L/h treatment was smaller，which illustrated the treatment had less victim.Fruit setting rate of big water dropper flow q=3.75 L/h treatment was higher than small water dropper flow q=2.00 L/h treatment for 20.4%，which illustrated big water dropper flow q=3.75 L/h treatment was more beneficial to improve the fruit setting rate of red jujube，and the single factor analysis of variance of the two treatments had significant difference.

Key words red jujube；water dropper flow；physiological indexes

目前，紅棗已成為新疆大力推廣的一種果樹(shù)，截至2013年底，新疆紅棗種植面積達(dá)到47.37萬(wàn)hm2。新疆阿克蘇地區(qū)、巴音郭楞蒙古自治州和和田地區(qū)的紅棗種植總面積已達(dá)31.6萬(wàn)hm2，占全疆紅棗種植面積的90.4%[1]。近年來(lái)，環(huán)塔里木盆地地區(qū)水資源短缺加劇，人工費(fèi)逐年攀升，因此各地也逐漸發(fā)展了滴灌節(jié)水技術(shù)。然而，目前國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)滴頭流量的確定或選擇具有隨意性，無(wú)法使土壤濕潤(rùn)比得到滿足[2-3]，進(jìn)而影響作物的生長(zhǎng)、產(chǎn)量與品質(zhì)[4]。因此，選擇合適的滴頭流量對(duì)作物的生長(zhǎng)尤為重要。本研究通過(guò)田間試驗(yàn)，研究不同滴頭流量處理對(duì)紅棗生理指標(biāo)的影響，旨在為紅棗選擇合理滴灌設(shè)施提供可靠依據(jù)。……