佛山市三水區黑皮冬瓜嫁接與栽培技術

伍倩慧++司雨++梁普興++郝東川++梁見冰

摘要 選取親和性強的白籽南瓜作為砧木，以佛山市三水區黑皮冬瓜為接穗，通過插接法進行嫁接，并科學進行濕度、光照、通風、肥水、病害及其他方面的管理，最后采用露地栽培模式種植。試驗發現嫁接冬瓜葉色濃綠，瓜蔓粗壯，抗病性、耐寒性增強，產量得到較大提高，有效控制了枯萎病等土傳病害的蔓延，解決了冬瓜重茬連作障礙及早春不耐寒問題，促進了農民增收，經濟、社會效益顯著。

關鍵詞 黑皮冬瓜；嫁接；栽培技術；廣東佛山；三水區

中圖分類號 S642.3 文獻標識碼 B 文章編號 1007-5739（2015）17-0102-02

Grafting and Cultivation Techniques of Black Wax Gourd of Sanshui District in Foshan City

WU Qian-hui SI Yu LIANG Pu-xing * HAO Dong-chuan LIANG Jian-bing

（Foshan Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Guangdong Province，Foshan Guangdong 528000）

Abstract Cucurbita moschata with strong affinity was taken as stocks，black wax gourd of Sanshui District in Foshan City was selected as scion，cut-grafting method was adopted，mangements were done which included humidity，illumination，ventilation，fertilizer，water，disease and other aspects，lastly grafted seedlings were cultivated in the open field.It showed that graft seeding possessed better comprehensive characters of dark-green in leaf colour，thick bine，strong disease resistance，high cold tolerance and increase output.Therefore，it could effectively control the spread of soil borne disease such as fusarium wilt，further to solve the problem of wax gourd continuous cropping and chilling sensitiveness in early spring.Thus，farmer′s income increased.It was remarkable for economic and social benefits.

Key words black wax gourd；grafting；cultivation technology；Foshan Guangdong；Sanshui District

佛山市種植黑皮冬瓜歷史悠久，其中三水區種植面積較大，年種植面積2 666.67 hm2以上，平均產量75 t/hm2左右，最高可達120 t/hm2，年產值達1.2億～1.5億元。但近年來由于長期連作，導致枯萎病等土傳性病害發生蔓延，嚴重田塊發病率超過80%，減產50%以上，嚴重影響黑皮冬瓜的產量和收益，致使農民種植積極性受挫，最終導致冬瓜種植面積銳減。嫁接換根栽培已被證明是解決蔬菜枯萎病等土傳病害的重要途徑[1]，并已在西瓜、青瓜、茄子等作物上廣泛應用，取得了良好的抗病增產效果[2]。本試驗采用白籽南瓜作砧木，嫁接本地黑皮冬瓜，總結配套的田間栽培技術，觀察發現，嫁接冬瓜苗葉色濃綠，瓜蔓粗壯，抗病性、耐寒性增強，產量得到較大提高，有效解決冬瓜枯萎病及早春不耐寒問題。現將黑皮冬瓜嫁接栽培技術介紹如下，以供參考。

1 冬瓜嫁接技術

1.1 砧木和接穗的選擇