漢江上游安康段明清時(shí)期洪澇災(zāi)害時(shí)間規(guī)律分析

李曉剛++孫娜

摘要 漢江上游安康段是陜西省洪澇災(zāi)害多發(fā)區(qū)，洪澇災(zāi)害給當(dāng)?shù)貛?lái)巨大損失。通過(guò)對(duì)漢江上游安康段明清時(shí)期（1368—1912年）洪澇災(zāi)害歷史資料的整理分析，借助Matlab、Excel軟件，研究該區(qū)域洪澇災(zāi)害的等級(jí)、時(shí)間規(guī)律等特征。結(jié)果表明：漢江上游安康段1368—1912年洪澇災(zāi)害可分為一級(jí)輕度、二級(jí)中度、三級(jí)重度和四級(jí)特大洪澇災(zāi)害，且以一級(jí)輕度洪澇災(zāi)害和二級(jí)中度洪澇災(zāi)害為主；該區(qū)域544年中發(fā)生洪澇災(zāi)害57次，平均每9.5年發(fā)生1次且階段性特征明顯；明清時(shí)期該區(qū)域洪澇災(zāi)害的發(fā)生集中于夏秋季節(jié)；漢江上游安康段該時(shí)期洪澇災(zāi)害的發(fā)生還有明顯周期特征。

關(guān)鍵詞 漢江上游安康段；洪澇災(zāi)害；等級(jí)；時(shí)間規(guī)律；明清時(shí)期

中圖分類號(hào) P426.616 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1007-5739（2015）17-0272-03

Law Analysis on Floods in Ankang Reaches of Hanjiang River Upstream in Ming and Qing Dynasties

LI Xiao-gang SUN Na

（College of Urban，Rural Planning and Architectural Engineering，Shangluo University，Shangluo Shaanxi 726000）

Abstract Hanjiang River upstream Ankang reaches is flood-prone areas of Shaanxi Province，local flood would bring huge losses. Based on the finish analysis of floods historical data of Hanjiang River upstream Ankang reaches in Ming and Qing Dynasty（1368 to 1912），using Matlab and Excel software，the flood level，time law and other features in the area were researched. The results showed that：flood disaster of Hanjiang River upstream Ankang reaches during 1368 to 1912 can be divided into：First level mild，second level moderate，three-level severe and level four severe catastrophic floods；occured floods 57 times in 544 years in this region，occured once with an average of 3.9 years，and with obvious stage characteristics；the occurrence of floods in Ming and Qing Dynasties in the region focused on the summer season；there is a clear cycle characteristics of flood of Hanjiang River upstream Ankang reaches occurred in this period.

Key words Ankang reaches of Hanjiang River upstream；flood disaster；level；time law；Ming and Qing Dynasties

漢江是長(zhǎng)江最大支流，是我國(guó)南水北調(diào)中線工程重要水源區(qū)，其水文變化特征與京津地區(qū)能否正常保質(zhì)量供水密不可分[1]。對(duì)于地處秦嶺和大巴山之間的安康來(lái)說(shuō)，其脆弱的生態(tài)環(huán)境使得該地區(qū)的洪澇災(zāi)害與泥石流、滑坡等次生災(zāi)害頻繁發(fā)生，給人民的生產(chǎn)生活帶來(lái)了威脅，這也引起了全體社會(huì)成員的廣泛關(guān)注[2]，與此同時(shí)，漢江上游所處的秦嶺南側(cè)北亞熱帶濕潤(rùn)地區(qū)也是研究的熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)之一[3]。陜西師范大學(xué)殷淑燕教授、趙景波教授等對(duì)漢江上游或者陜南地區(qū)清代洪澇已經(jīng)有一定的研究成果[4-8]。雖然對(duì)于漢江洪澇災(zāi)害的研究已經(jīng)基本成熟，但對(duì)于漢江上游安康段明清時(shí)期洪澇災(zāi)害時(shí)間規(guī)律的分析尚未見(jiàn)系統(tǒng)的報(bào)道。……